Constitution and Stability of Atom Nuclei. 333 



that by bombarding oxygen and carbon nuclei by alpha 

 particles he is able to drive out from them an electron 

 group of the formula (^3 + e") ++ with a mass of 3 and a 

 charge of 2 + , which would make it a lower isotope of 

 helium. 



That groups which are not contained as such in more 

 complex group?, may nevertheless be driven from the latter 

 by violent means, is one of the common experiences of 

 workers in chemistry. For example, anhydrous oxalic acid 

 with a formula HOC-COH, which does not contain tho 



6 6 



group HOH, nevertheless gives water when it is heated. 



The importance of the weight 4 as compared with the 

 mass 3 in the atoms of the meteorites is shown in Table VIII.. 



Table VIII. 



Atomic Percentage of Atomic Species in Meteorites, showing 

 the Importance of the Weight 4. 



Atomic 



weight 4q. 3q. 4qnot3q. 3qnot4q. 4q-\-3. 4q + 2. 4q-\-l. 



Element. 



Carbon 012 012 



Oxygen 53-16 ... 53'16 



Sodium 0-62 ... 0*02 ... 0T)2 



Magnesium.. 9-86 9'86 ... ... ... 1-65 1*65 



Aluminium 1"21 ... 121 121 



Silicon 28 1382 ... 13-82 1-3S 



Phosphorus ... ... ... - 06 



Sulphur 1-46 ... M6 



Potassium 011 ... 0-11 011 



Calcium 0-97 ... 097 



Titanium ... 005 0005 



Chromium... 013 ... 013 



Manganese ... ... ... 006 



Iron" 12-30 ... 1230 



Cobalt ... ... ... 0-01 



82-46 P32 210 165 303 



The totals of the columns in a similar table for the earth's 

 crust are almost the same, except that the column 4(/4~3 

 adds up about 8 atomic per cent., and therefore is much 

 more prominent. In both tables the abundance of the 



