492 Dr. H. Arctowski on Normal Anomalies of 



From March 13th to April 7th the increase in temperature 

 is abnormally rapid, so that 3 is discordant with 2 and 4. 

 The drop of temperature between 4 and 6 (June 6-11) 

 is 1 0, 5 C. This is perhaps the most characteristic feature of 

 the curve. Besides, 4 and 6 are discordant. Phase 6 has a 

 smaller amplitude than 4. 



Evidently if many curves were available it would be 

 interesting to follow the progressive change from station to 

 station. That these anomalies do not occur simultaneously at 

 different stations but gradually propagate from place to 

 place is a well-established fact, at least for some of the tem- 

 perature depressions of the spring. The curves for Arcachon, 

 Greenwich, Berlin, Lemberg, Penza, and Wologda, published 

 by Almstedt**, may serve as examples. 



Without adopting in their integrity the ideas expressed 

 long ago by Dovetj let us suppose now that the tempe- 

 rature curve for Melbourne, or the curve for Warsaw, or the 

 curves for other places, exhibiting similar anomalies, express 

 the result of an antagonism between maritime and continental 

 climates, respectively characterized by a very small and a 

 very large annual amplitude. 



On the ocean, west of the coast of France, the difference 

 between the mean temperatures of the warmest and the 

 coldest day of the year is certainly less than 10° C. In Paris 

 it is 18°-7 C, in Warsaw 24°'7, in Barnaoul it is 41°*8, and 

 the observations of Nertchinsk give 49°' 9 C. I have traced 

 the curves for Barnaoul (means of the observations made from 

 1838-1882), and Nertchinsk (1839-1881)1, and have found, 

 to my great astonishment, that from March 15th to No- 

 vember 1st these two curves are practically identical, whereas 

 during the winter months they differ very greatly one from 

 the other. The winter in Nertchinsk is very much colder 

 than in Barnaoul. The temperatures are : — 



Barnaoul. Nertchinsk. 



October 31 - 3°'6 - 7°*2 



January 2 -18°-3 -30°' 7 



March 15 -10°- 8 -13°-1 



The maxima of the summer are : — 



Barnaoul ... 20 c -2 on July the 4th. 



Nertchinsk 19°'2 „ „ 12th, 



* Loc. cit. 



t Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 121 (1856). 



% Revert, f. Meteor. Suppl. 3, St. Peters bourg, 1886, 



