WILLIAM B. DWIGfflT. 47 



of scientists are animated by as true and honest motives 

 as those of any other body of professionals on earth, 

 the honored clergy not excepted. 



Look at the great leaders of modern scientific research, 

 one by one, individual by individual, and no other con- 

 clusion will be possible. Darwin was the very soul of 

 honesty. Those great masters, respectively, in physical 

 and biological research, Tyndall and Huxley, possess no 

 element in their characters more potent than this ; that 

 they are thoroughly honest, whether it be in statements 

 of facts or in the subsequent digestion of these facts, 

 and the evolving from them of hypotheses and laws. I 

 might cite, with the same results, a long list of the most 

 eminent scientists such as Helmholtz, J. R. Mayer, Pas- 

 teur, Carj^enter, Dana, Cope, Cones, Hyatt and others. 

 Under the leadership of such men the unnumbered 

 scientists everywhere, working either independently, or 

 in universities or societies, are largely inspired by the 

 same spirit of honest research, often carried to the point 

 of great self-sacrifice. 



Certainly any scientist in this age who allows himself 

 to be habitually swayed by motives not consistent with 

 honest research, or who labors chiefly to sustain pre- 

 conceived notions at any cost of principle, will soon be 

 found out — will soon lose the respect in his profession, 

 and entirely imperil his scientific influence and status. 



Again, it may be justly claimed that science is now 

 doing probably more truly than ever before, a work 

 which is dirctly or indirectly of profound usefulness to 

 the world. This appears to be so obvious a fact, so com- 

 monplace a remark, that any explanation of it may seem 

 a useless waste of time. Yet there is probably no point 

 connected with the relations of science to the world so 

 little apprehended by any who have not given it special 

 thought than this very one — the nature and extent of the 

 useful work of natural science ; and it is probably due to 



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