WILLIAM B. DWIGHT. 89 



the deposits of the Quaternary, both contemporaneously 

 and alternately with the clays, and frequently entirely 

 overlying them, showing subsequent deposition. 



Such being the general facts, we are prepared to note 

 the peculiar features of the particular deposits which 

 are the subject of this paper. 



The locals of these deposits is now known as Clark's 

 Dock Station, on the West Shore Railway, about three 

 miles northeasterly from Newburgh. The property is 

 owned by Mr. Leander Clark, Jr., formerly chief en- 

 gineer of the Newburgh City Water Works. It is 

 proper to say that my examination of the phenomena 

 of this locality was much facilitated by the kind assist- 

 ance of Mr. Clark, and by his own very intelligent obser- 

 vations. I am especially indebted to him for statements 

 as to the original condition of those portions of the beds 

 which had been removed in the working 



The clay-pits were originally three in number, lying 

 in a northeasterly and southwesterly line, parallel to the 

 trend of the Hudson River at this point, and very near 

 to it ; in fact, in association with the sand and gravel 

 beds, forming its banks. Though closely contiguous, 

 they were not quite continuous — each had its own en- 

 tirely separate structure, but of a type identical in the 

 three beds. 



The description of one, with a single additional state- 

 ment as to a peculiar feature belonging to the entire 

 series rather than to any portion of it, will cover the 

 structure of the entire group. 



At the time of my visits, in 1881 and 1883, the two 

 most northerly beds had been entirely depleted of clay, 

 though a good part of the enveloping shells remained, 

 while the most southern and largest one was more than 

 half depleted. 



I will therefore describe the latter clay-bed as I saw- 

 it. It consisted of a mass of clay shaped like an in- 



73 



