INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 489 

 Bryozoa. 



Page. 



Alcyonidiuni hirsutum 487 



A. hispidum 487 



Vesicularia gracilis 389 



V. cuscuta 404 



Y.fusca 420 



Farrella familiaris 487 



Tubulipora flabellaris 405 



Crisia eburnea 311 



Page. 



Bugula flabellata 311 



Membranipora pilosa 406 



M. lineata 406 



Escharella variabilis 312 



Discopora coecinea 333 



Lepralia, sp „ . 420 



Cellepora ramulosa 312 



Pedicellina Americana 405 



Strongylocentrotus Drobachi- 

 ensis 496 



RADIATA. 





EeMnoderms. 





Page. 



Asterias vulgaris 



Page. 

 496 



496 



Oribrella sanguinolenta 



407 



Acalephs. 



Page. 



Obelia pyriformis 390 



O. geniculata 487 



O. flabellata 390 



O. diaphana. 327 



Campanularia flexuosa 327 



Page. 



Sertularia pnmila 487 



S. argentea 408 



Pennaria tiarella 327 



Clava leptostyla „ 328 



Hydraetinia polyclina 228 



Polyps. 



Page. 

 Metridimn marginatum 329 



Page. 

 329 



Sagartia leueolena 



IV. 2. — Species inhabiting: the sandy shores of the open coast. 



Owing to the force of the waves the sand and gravel of the exposed 

 shores are kept in constant motion in stormy weather, and are often dis- 

 turbed to a considerable depth, especially in winter. Therefore the con- 

 ditions are very unfavorable for the existence of animal life. The fauna 

 of such shores is, accordingly, very meager, as compared with that of 

 the more sheltered sandy shores of the bays and sounds. 



It often happens that one may examine these sandy beaches for a mile 

 or more at low- water without finding more than half a dozen species of 

 animals that actually live on them, though many may be found thrown 

 up by the waves from below low-water mark. 



In coves or other localities that are somewhat sheltered, the number of 

 species is greater, and most of them are identical with those found on 

 the sandy shores of the sounds. 



Toward high-water mark the Talorcliestia longicornis (p. 336) and T. 



