496 EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



ingly with the last two species. This is also a northern species, common 

 in the Bay of Fundy. Among the compound Ascidians the only species 

 found here that did not occur also in Vineyard Sound was Amarcecium 

 pallidum, a small species, which forms small rounded or turbinated 

 whitish masses, of a firm gelatinous appearance, but with fine grains of 

 sand imbedded in the substance. It is a common species in the Bay of 

 Fundy. 



The Bryozoa are represented by numerous species, some of which 

 are very abundant. The Membranipora pilosa (Plate, XXXIV, figs. 262, 

 263) is one of the most abundant. It incrusts, and often entirely 

 covers, the fronds of various algse, especially of Phyllophora Brodicei, P. 

 membranifolia, Rhodymenia palmata, Delesseria sinuosa, &c. On the 

 reet off Watch Hill it was particularly abundant on these and other 

 algse, shells, &c. It is easily distinguished by the single long spine at 

 the proximal end of the cell, and by the shorter ones along the sides. 

 With the preceding, Crista eburnea, (p. 311, Plate XXXIV, figs. 260, 261 ;) 

 Tubulipora fldbellaris ; Cellepora ramulosa, (p. 312 ;) and a species of 

 Discopora, allied to D. cocoinea, were very abundant, adhering to the 

 more slender red algse. A species of Lepralia, of a reddish color, and 

 forming both incrusting and lichen-like corals, was common. In this the 

 apertures of the cells are large, operculated, broadest proximally, and 

 each one has a short, stout, conical spine at its proximal border, which 

 is scarcely visible except in a profile view. 



The Bugula Murrayana, which forms clusters of broad, thin, flexible 

 fronds nearly two inches high, was dredged several times. It is very 

 common in the Bay of Fundy. An incrusting species of Alcyonidium, 

 perhaps identical with A. gelatinosum of Europe, occurred on the red 

 algse. A species of Gellularia, allied to A. ternata, was also obtained. 



The Echinoderms are represented by the common green sea-urchin, 

 Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis, (p. 406, Plate XXXV, fig. 268,) which 

 is common off Gay Head, and as far as off New London, though far less 

 abundant than in the Bay of Fundy ; by the common red or purple 

 star-fish, Asterias vulgaris, (p. 407,) which was abundant off Gay Head 

 and on the reef off Watch Hill ; Cribrella sanguinolenta, (p. 407,) which is 

 not uncommon as far west as the Watch Hill reef, and off Xew London ; 

 and by the OpMopholis aculeata, (Plate XXXV, fig. 270,)which was only 

 once met with off Gay Head, but of which we dredged several specimens 

 on the reef off Watch Hill. The last-named species is extremely 

 abundant in the Bay of Fundy and northward, from low- water to the 

 depth of more than one hundred fathoms. 



The Hydroids are very numerous on the rocky and stony bottoms, 

 attached to algae, stones, shells, ascidians, &c. One of the most abun- 

 dant is Obelia geniculata, (p. 407,) which grows on the fronds of Lamina- 

 ria, Rhodymenia, and other alga?. ; it often nearly covers one or both sides 

 of the broad fronds of Laminaria, for the distance of two or three feet, 

 the creeping stems forming an intricate net-work from which the upright 



