INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 651 



associated. At Quahog Bay, Maine, this species occurs on the back of 

 the dead shells of 1. obsoleta, which are occupied by the hermit-crab, 

 just as in the waters of Southern New England ; and these, with numer- 

 ous other southern forms associated with them, constitute a genuine 

 southern colony, occupying a warm, sheltered bay, surrounded on all 

 sides by the northern fauna. 



The depressed variety (glauca) is found chiefly on broad and nearly 

 flat surfaces of large bivalve shells, stones, &c. The very convex varie- 

 ties adhere mainly to the surfaces of small convex univalves. 



Crucibulum: striatum Adams. Plate XXIII, figs. 125, 126. (p. 417.) 



H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, vol. i, p. 366 ; Gould, Invert., ed. ii, 

 p. 275, fig. 536. Calyptrcea (Dispotwa) striata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences 

 Philadelphia, vol. v, p. 216, 1836. Crucibulum (Dispotcea) striata H. and A. 

 Adams, Genera, vol. i, p. 366, 1858. 



Bay of Fundy to New Jersey. Eastport Harbor and Bay of Fundy, 

 low-water mark to 30 fathoms, common ; Frenchman's Bay and Mount 

 Desert, Maine, 3 to 10 fathoms, common ; Casco Bay, Maine, 6 to 40 

 fathoms; Vineyard Sound and Buzzard's Bay, 3 to 12 fathoms, not un- 

 common. Gardiner's Bay and Montauk Point, Long Island (S. Smith). 

 Off New London, Conn. (coll. T. M. Prudden). Saint George's Bank 

 (S. I. Smith). Northern New Jersey (Say). 



Littorina irrorata Gray. (p. 372.) 



Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage, p. 138, Plate 38, fig. 1, 1839. Gould, Invert., 

 ed. ii, p. 311, fig. 579. Turbo irroratus Say, Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phil- 

 adelphia, vol. ii, p. 239, July^ 1822; Binney's Say, p. 81. Phasianella sulcata 

 Lamarck, Animaux sans Vert., ed. i, vol. vii, p. 54, Aug., 1822; ed. ii, vol. ix, 

 p. 244. Littorina sulcata Deshayes, in Lamarck, op. cit., vol. ix, p. 203, 1843. 



Vineyard Sound to Florida and the northern shores of the Gulf of 

 Mexico. Vineyard Sound, sparingly; Long Island Sound, near New 

 Haven, rare. Stratford, Connecticut, on high sedge (Liusley). Hunting- 

 ton, Long Island (S. Smith). Comparatively rare and local north of Mary- 

 land ; very abundant farther south. 



Many of the shells of this species found on our shores have undoubt- 

 edly been brought from Virginia and Maryland with the southern oys- 

 ters planted in our waters, but it is probably indigenous in certain 

 localities. 



Littorina rudis. 'Plate XXIV, fig. 137. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 257, fig. 165, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 304, fig. 575. Turbo rudis 

 Maton, Nat. Hist, and Antiq. West. Count., vol. i, p. 277, 1797, (t. Jeffreys) ; 

 Donovan, British Shells, vol. i, Plate 33, fig. 3, 1800, (t. Gould.) Turbo obligatus 

 Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., vol. ii, p. 241, 1822. Turbo vestitus Say, op. 

 cit., p. 241, 1822 (variety tenebrosa). Littorina Gronlandica Moller, in Kroyer's 

 Tidsskrift, vol. iv, p. 82, 1842. Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 303, 

 Plate 20, fig. 4, 1803 (variety). Littorina tenebrosa Gould, ed. i, p. 259, fig. 166 ; 

 ed. ii, p. 306, fig. 576. 



Among the additional names that appear to have been applied to the various 



