652 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



states of this variable species are : L. saxatilis Johnson ; Turbo sulcalus Leach ; 

 Turbo jugosus Montagu; L.patula(var.) Jeffreys; L. negleota Bean ; T. ventricosus 

 Brown; L. marmorata Pfeiffer; Nerita litiorea Fabricius (non Linn6) ; L. 

 Gronlandica Moller, Loven, Morch ; L. rudissima Bean; L. zonaria Bean ; L. 

 n'eglecta Bean, etc. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, northward to the Arctic Ocean ; 

 Greenland ; Iceland ; Spitzbergen. Northern coasts of Europe to Great 

 Britain and Spain. Local south of Long Island Sound ; abundant on 

 all the rocky shores of Southern New England, from New York to Cape 

 Cod, and at the eastern end of Long Island ; local at Great Egg Har- 

 bor, among Fucus, on the stones of an old pier. Extremely abundant 

 ion all the northern shores of New England and northward. Eossil in 

 I the Post-Pliocene of Canada, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. 



LITTORINA PALLIATA. Plate XXIY, fig. 138. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert, of Mass., ed. i, p. 260, fig. 167, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 309, fig. 578. Turbo 

 palliatus Say, op. cit., p. 240, 1822. Littorina neritoidea Dekay, Mollusca New 

 York, p. 105, Plate 6, figs. 109-111 (non Turbo neritoidea Linne"). Littorina 

 littoralis Stirapson, Shells of New Eugland, p. 33, (non Forbes and Hanley ; 

 non Nerita littoralis Linn6). Turbo littoralis Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 

 402, 1780 (non Linn6). Littorina arctica Moller, Kroyer's Tidsskrift, vol. 

 iv, p. 82, 1842. (f) Littorina limata Love'n, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. 

 Forkandlingar, vol. iii, p. 154, 1846. Littorina Peconica S. Smith, Annals 

 Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. vii, p. 155, 1860. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Norway. Very abundant from New York 

 to Cape Cod and northward, wherever Fuel grow on rocks between 

 tides ; local and less abundant south of Long Island Sound. 



Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Great Britain and Scandinavia. 



Should this species prove to be identical with L. obtusata (LinnC, sp.) of 

 Europe, as there is reason to anticipate, its range will be nearly coinci- 

 dent with that of L, rudis, with which it is always found associated on 

 our coast. Several writers have already united the two forms, but no 

 satisfactory comparisons of large series of specimens, from many local- 

 ities on both coasts, have been made. 



Lacuna vincta Turton. Plate XXIY, fig. 139. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 262, figs. 169, 178*, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 302, fig. 573. Turbo 

 vincta Montagu, Teat. Brit., p. 307, Plate 20, fig. 3, (t. Gould). Trochus divarica- 

 tus Fabricius, Fauna Gronlandica, p. 392, 1780 (non Linn6). Lacuna divaricata 

 Love'n, op. cit., p. 155, 1846 ; Jeffreys, British ConchoJogy, vol. iii, p. 346. 



According to Jeffreys, the following are among the synonyms or vari- 

 eties of this species : Turbo canalis Montagu ; T. quadrifasciata Mont.; 

 Phasianella fasciata, P. btfasciata, P. cornea, and P. striata Brown ; La- 

 cuna solidula Love'n; L. labiosa Lov6u; L.frigida Lov6n. 



New York to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, Iceland, Lapland, Scan- 

 dinavia, Great Britain, France; on the Pacific coast of America south- 

 ward to Puget Sound. Long Island Sound, common, but rather local ; 

 Watch Hill, Ehode Island, among algre, in 4 to 5 fathoms; Yineyard 



