74 THE BIOLOGICAL REVIEW. 



ample inward rectilineal bend, the union is marked by a 

 small, quadrangular white spot ; the second vein is nearly 

 straight, and reaches the margin of the wing considerably 

 beyond its tip, where there is a small inward curve ; the third- 

 vein does not fork, and from its middle bends rather abruptly 

 towards the hind margin, which it joins near its middle, where 

 there is a small inward curve. 



The Tory in us is large when compared with the producer,, 

 and most likely devours two or more Diplosis larvae before 

 maturing. 



DIPLOSIS HELIANTHI -BULLA, Walsh. 



Galls found on the upper third of the stems of Helianthus- 

 decapetahis and Helianthus divaricata, usually on the stem, often 

 from leaf axils, occasionally on petiole and midvein of leaf, rarely 

 on flower disc, protruding from between scales of involucre. 



The galls are attached by an ample base, and are very 

 irregular in form and pcsition, usually somewhat compressed,, 

 varying from nearly spherical to flask and cone-shaped, and 

 from equilateral triangular to spur-shaped, the sides of the 

 triangle 9 mm., the spur 13 mm. long and 4 mm. diameter at base. 

 The average of twenty galls was, base, 5-5 mm., 5 mm. thick, and 

 extending 8 mm. from stem. These galls are of the color of the 

 plant, usually hispid with rough pile, and from one to three on 

 a plant. 



I made a collection of these galls, east of the City limits, 

 August 1, 1886, but the producers were out. A collection of 

 over 100 galls was made in Ashbridge woods, east of the City,. 

 October 10, 1891, which gave many parasites but no producers. 



A collection of eighty-seven galls was made from the same- 

 locality, August 6, 1893. From August 11, to August 24, these 

 gave numerous specimens of a Torymus : from August 12, to 

 August 16, producers emerged, and from August 17, to August 

 24, a species of Ptevomalus. 



From the fact of the parasites emerging simultaneously with 

 the producers in the autumn, it is probable there is a later gall 

 produced by this Diplosis. 



