148 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 6: 1993 



Caryocolum vicinella (Douglas, 1851), Plate V, Fig. 14 



Wingspan 12.5-15 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae dark brown, face whitish-silvery. 

 Forewing dark brown scattered with a few light scales; M-shaped dorsum whitish 

 mottled with mid-brown, two wedge-shapes across cell at \, \ not reaching costa; 

 white costal and tornal spots at f always separated. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Transtilla without spines. Valva long, slender, sword-shaped. 

 Sacculus long, broadening medially, concave emargination distoventrally. Posterior 

 margin of vinculum with deep medial, shallow lateromedial incision; lateral lobes 

 rounded. Saccus long, slender. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 15). Eighth segment without processes, two pairs of long 

 ventromedial folds developed. Antrum short, broad funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae 

 with pair of long lateral sclerotizations posteriorly. Signum with large, stout strongly 

 bent hook. 



Remarks. C. vicinella sometimes resembles viscariella externally but is easily 

 distinguishable by the lack of orange-brown scales. The genitalia are similar to those 

 of alsinella and viscariella. They differ in the longer and broader sacculus, the posterior 

 margin of the vinculum, the antrum and the distinctly longer apophyses posteriores 

 (2.7 mm in vicinella, up to 2 mm in alsinella /viscariella). C. vicinella has often been 

 misidentified as leucomelanella in the past. The latter species does not occur in Britain. 



Biology. In Britain the larvae have been found in May and June, feeding within spun 

 young shoots and boring into the new stem of Silene uniflora Roth ( = Silene maritima) 

 (e.g. Stainton, 1867). In Scandinavia it also lives on Spergularia rubra (L.) Presl. 

 (Benander, 1928) and on the Continent on Lychnis alpina L. (Schutze, 1931) 

 and Cer ostium arvense L. (Prose, 1979). Moths emerge from late June to mid- 

 July and have been collected until the middle of September. The habitat of vicinella 

 is pebbly shores. In the Alps it occurs on screes. 



In Britain recorded locally on coasts throughout the British Isles, abroad throughout 

 Europe, except the south. 



Caryocolum marmoreum (Haworth, 1828), Plate V, Figs 15 and 16 



Wingspan 9.5-12 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae light to dark brown, face whitish. 

 Forewing mid to dark brown, dorsal margin greyish-white to mid brown; two 

 triangular whitish patches across cell at \, \ surrounded by black dots, some- 

 times reduced; white costal and tornal spots at \ separated or forming a fascia. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Transtilla band-like, without spines. Valva slender, linear. 

 Sacculus broad, almost rhomboidal, pointed apex, slightly exceeding valva. Posterior 

 margin of vinculum with two pairs of projections, medial incisions and lateromarginal 

 emargination. Vinculum short. Saccus long, slender. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 16). Eighth segment without processes, a pair of large 

 rounded sclerotizations; triangular sclerotizations ventromedially. Antrum reduced, 

 ring-shaped. Ductus bursae with a pair of short lateral sclerotizations posteriorly. 

 Signum with large, strongly curved hook. 



Remarks. C. marmoreum exhibits considerable variation in the extent of the light 

 forewing markings which are sometimes almost completely reduced, giving those 

 specimens an almost unicolorous appearance. The colour of the head and thorax 

 above shows the same range of variation. The genitalia are easily distinguishable from 

 other British Caryocolum by many characters. 



Biology. The larva and its life history were described in detail by Stainton (1867); 

 larvae have been found from March into May, feeding on the leaves of Cerastium 

 fontanum Baumg. The larval stage lives in a silken tube at the base of the host-plant, 

 covered with grains of sand and it finally pupates in this tube. Moths have also 



