BR. J. ENT. NAI IIISI ., 6: 1993 149 



been bred from Cerastium semidecandrum L. in Britain (Walsingham, unpublished 

 records), and Silene nocteolens on the Canary Islands (Kiimesch, 1984). Adults 

 have been collected from May to September and are undoubtedly univoltine. 

 C. marmoreum occurs along sand dunes in Britain; abroad it also lives in pine forests 

 in mountainous areas. 



Common on coasts throughout Britain and in the Breck sand district of East Anglia. 

 Abroad in Europe, Morocco, Canary Islands, Canada. Records from Scandinavia 

 and the former USSR are probably misidentifications of pullatella. 



Caryocolum fraternella (Douglas, 1851), Plate V, Fig. 17 



intermediella (Hodgkinson, 1897) 



Wingspan 11-13 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae light to dark brown, tegulae lighter 

 distally. Forewing dark fuscous, orange-brown across 5,5, patch at |; black spots 

 distad of cell, the latter usually comma-shaped, extending towards tornus, black mark- 

 ings indistinct; white costal and tornal spots at 5 separated by orange-brown streak. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 5). Transtilla with a few spines. Valva broad, two processes 

 distally. Sacculus almost completely fused with valva. Posterior margin of vinculum 

 with two pairs of indistinct processes, jug-shaped emargination medially. Saccus 

 moderately slender. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 17). Eighth segment without processes. Antrum long, tubular. 

 Hook of signum large, stout. 



Remarks. C. fraternella differs from the externally similar alsinella by the extension 

 of orange-brown scales and the separated costal and tornal spots. The male genitalia 

 differ from all other Caryocolum in the reduced sacculus. 



Biology. The larva feeds in a spun shoot from April to the end of May (Stainton, 

 1867). Bradford (1979) gives Stellaria uliginosa Murray ( = S. alsine), S. graminea 

 L. and Cerastium fontanum Baumg. (-holosteoides) as host-plants in Britain. Agassiz 

 (pers. comm.) bred this species from Cerastium arvense L. On the Continent fraternella 

 has been recorded from Stellaria holostea L. (Schiitze, 1931). Moths have been bred 

 from June to July. It inhabits rough meadows where Stellaria graminea grows; adults 

 have been collected mainly in August. 



Local in Britain, extending as far north as Dumfries. Abroad in France, Germany, 

 Poland and Scandinavia. 



Caryocolum blandella (Douglas, 1852), Plate V, Fig. 18 



maculea sensu Haworth, 1828 



Wingspan 12-14.5 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae white mottled with cream, 

 base of thorax dark brown. Forewing whitish mottled with orange-brown, grey-brown 

 along costa; black markings: broad streak from fold to costa at 5, medial spots at 

 2,5, the latter frequently divided; apex with black spots; white fascia at 5 often 

 separated by orange-brown scales. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 6). Transtilla with numerous minute spines. Valva long, slender, 

 with distinct apical bulge and brush of setae. Posterior margin of vinculum slightly 

 vaulted medially with small incision. Saccus broad at base, gradually tapering. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 18). Eighth segment with a pair of broad digitate processes 

 dorsally, ventromedial zone with ovate plate. Antrum short, conical, indented. 

 Posterior part of ductus bursae with sclerotized plate. Hook of signum slender. 



Remarks. C. blandella bears a superficial resemblance to blandulella, pro.ximum 

 and kroesmanniella. It differs from the former two species in its larger size, from 

 the latter in the more strongly contrasting forewing markings and the black streak 

 at \ which is not interrupted. C. pro.ximum is also distinguishable from blandella 



