UK. I. ENT. NAT. HIST., (>: 1993 151 



Female genitalia (Fig. 20). Eighth segment with pair of digitate, flap-like processes 

 ventrally, ventral zone membranous. Antrum a short funnel. Signum with moderately 

 short hook. 



Remarks. Specimens from the Danish islands and the Swedish island of Oland 

 are characterized by distinctly darker forewings which are covered by numerous 

 fuscous-tipped scales. This form is not known from Britain. C. blandulella is similar 

 to blandella externally but differs in its smaller size. It is distinguishable from 

 proximum by the smaller black patch at \ and the paler forewing. The female 

 genitalia are similar to those of proximum but differ in the membranous ventromedial 

 zone of the eighth segment. 



Biology. The larva has been found feeding on Cerastium semidecandrum L. in 

 Britain (Agassiz, pers. comm.). Benander (1965) records the caterpillar in the seed 

 capsule of Cerastium pumilum Curt, in Sweden. Moths occur from the middle of 

 July to late August, particularly along sandy coasts. 



Very local in Britain, being known only from two localities in Kent and Hampshire. 

 Abroad throughout central Europe to Greece. 



Caryocolum tricolorella (Haworth, 1812), Plate V, Fig. 21 



contigua (Haworth, 1828) 



Wingspan 12-14.5 mm. Head dark grey-brown, face white. Thorax and tegulae grey- 

 brown, mesoscutellum lightened. Forewing: basal quarter and dorsal margin orange- 

 brown, flecked with white; third quarter with irregular orange-brown patch, white 

 costal and tornal spots at f , broad black patch from fold to costa at \, and apex. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 9). Transtilla with minute spines. Valva long, slender, slightly 

 broadened distally with apical brush of setae. Sacculus knife-shaped, pointed. 

 Vinculum with almost straight posterior margin, small incision developed. Saccus 

 stout, gradually tapering. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 21). Eighth segment with pair of small flaps dorsally, ventral 

 zone with numerous microtrichia. Antrum moderately short, funnel-shaped. Signum 

 with large hook. 



Remarks. C. tricolorella usually differs from the other British Caryocolum species 

 in the three-coloured forewing pattern. 



Biology. The young larva makes a gallery-like mine in a leaf of Stellaria holostea L. 

 In Britain it occurs from December onwards; later it feeds in a spun terminal shoot. 

 It is fully grown about mid-April (Stainton, 1867). Sorhagen (1886) gives Stellaria 

 uliginosa Murray ( = S. alsine) as an additional host-plant on the Continent. Moths 

 have been collected from June to mid-September. 



Local in England and Wales. Abroad in Europe, except the south-west. 



Caryocolum junctella (Douglas, 1851), Plate V, Fig. 22 



Wingspan 9.5-11 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae dark grey-brown metallic, face 

 silvery shiny. Forewing whitish mottled with grey-brown, particularly across wing at 

 3, j and along dorsal margin; black markings: patch from fold to costa at \, stripe 

 distad of cell extending towards tornus, apical dot; orange-brown patch distad of 

 cell, scales along fold; indistinct white fascia at j occasionally interrupted. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Transtilla with numerous spines. Valva slender, slightly 

 broadened distally with apical brush of setae. Sacculus with hook-shaped apex. 

 Vinculum short, straight posterior margin slightly incised medially. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 22). Eighth segment short, pair of dorsal flaps developed, 

 ventral zone with numerous microtrichia. Antrum long, tubular. Signum with very 

 long hook, some short teeth basally. 



