152 BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST., 6: 1993 



Remarks. C. junctella differs from similar species like blandulella, proximum and 

 alsinella in the metallic shiny neck and the pale frons. Additionally it is recognizable 

 by the distinct orange-brown patch of the forewing. 



Biology. The life history in Britain is not yet known. In Sweden the larva has been 

 found on Cerastium arvense L. (Benander, 1928), in China on C. pauciflorum (Liu 

 & Pai, 1979). The larval stage has also been noted from Stellaha (Klimesch, 1954). 

 As far as is known, junctella is the only Caryocolum species which hibernates as an 

 adult. Moths have been collected in April/May and in July/ August. 



Local and scarce in north-west England, Scotland and Kent. Abroad in Europe, 

 China and Japan. 



Caryocolum huebneri (Haworth, 1828), Plate V, Fig. 24 



knaggsiella (Stainton, 1866) 



Wingspan 9-12.5 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae mid- to dark-brown mottled 

 with white, face white. Forewing mid-brown mixed with whitish, light brown, 

 orange-brown; black markings: broken fascia from fold to costa at \, medial 

 spots at 2, \, the latter extending towards tornus; apex dark fuscous; white costal 

 and tornal spots at f usually separate. 



Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Tegumen with long lateral process; spines of transtilla 

 almost completely reduced. Valva thumb-shaped. Sacculus short, almost triangular. 

 Posterior margin of vinculum with broad V-shaped emargination. Saccus extremely 

 broad, distally rounded. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 23). Eighth segment with pair of flap-like ventromedial 

 processes. Antrum tubular, moderately short. Signum with short, slightly bent hook. 



Remarks. C. huebneri closely resembles kroesmanniella externally. It differs mainly 

 in the smaller wingspan (9-12.5 mm compared with 12.5-15 mm in kroesmanniella) 

 and the mottling of the thorax and forewing. 



Biology. According to Bradford (1979) the larva has been found in May, feeding 

 between spun shoots of Stellaria holostea L. Moths have been collected from the middle 

 of July to late August, bred material dates from mid-June to late July. 



Scarce and local in Britain, being recorded only from Surrey and west Kent. Abroad 

 in Europe, except the south-west. 



Caryocolum kroesmanniella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854), Plate V, Fig. 23 



Wingspan 12.5-15 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae whitish mottled with grey-brown and 

 orange-brown. Forewing whitish mottled with light brown, orange-brown; black markings: 

 broken fascia from fold to costa at \, medial spots at \, f, the latter extending 

 towards dark brown tornus; apex with a few black spots; indistinct white fascia at f . 



Male genitalia (Fig. 12). Tegumen with long lateral process; spines of transtilla 

 almost completely reduced. Valva and sacculus slender, digitate. Posterior margin 

 of vinculum with extremely broad rectangular emargination, large triangular process 

 laterally. Saccus extremely broad, hardly narrowing distally. 



Female genitalia (Fig. 24). Eighth segment with pair of drop-shaped processes 

 dorsally, ventral zone membranous. Antrum long, funnel-shaped with a few micro- 

 trichia medially. Signum a small plate, without hook. 



Remarks. This species exhibits considerable variation in the composition of the fore- 

 wing colour. It is very similar to huebneri externally but differs in the large size and 

 the usually paler forewing with less contrasting markings. C. kroesmanniella differs 

 from the occasionally similar blandella in the interrupted fascia at \ . 



Biology. The larva starts feeding as a leaf-miner in the autumn. After hibernation 

 it lives in spun shoots until May (Benander, 1965). It usually feeds on Stellaria holostea 



