232 Archceologia. 



modern manufacture, among which were two or three leaden but- 

 tons, which he supposes may be of the fifteenth century ; but he 

 places among the genuine Samian ware a fragment of pottery of 

 extremely beautiful workmanship, with ornament in relief, which 

 was undoubtedly made in the seventeenth century. 



This circumstance of finding objects of modern make among 

 Antiquities in the original and undisturbed deposit of the latter is a 

 fact which has now been often observed, and is deserving of parti- 

 cular attention in connection with another class of researches carried 

 on with great zeal at the present-day. It is no doubt the result of 

 different accidents, some of which are easily understood, while others 

 are more difficult of explanation. We have met with articles of 

 modern manufacture lying on or near the floor of a deep Anglo- 

 Saxon grave, which had never been opened, among the objects of the 

 original deposit. This and other similar cases can only be explained 

 by circumstances with which we are not well acquainted, but which 

 caused the heavy body in those cases to sink gradually in the ground. 

 Some years ago, when a tumulus, called British, was opened, we 

 believe in East Torkshire, a tobacco-pipe was found nearly in its 

 centre, and the excavators supposed at first that they had found 

 evidence of smoking among the ancient Britons ; but when the pipe 

 was examined by somebody acquainted with the history of pipe- 

 making, it was pronounced to be of the age of James I. or Charles 

 I. As there were indications of old disturbance in the tumulus, 

 we must suppose that some people had dug into it in search of 

 treasure in the first half of the seventeenth century, and that one 

 of the diggers had dropped his pipe into the hole before it was filled 

 up again. Tet some antiquarians of eminence and name have been 

 nearly betrayed into believing such tobacco-pipes to be Boman, or 

 perhaps even Celtic. Among these are Dr. D. Wilson, who, in his 

 Archceology of Scotland, states his conviction that they are of much 

 greater antiquity than the date assigned for the introduction of 

 tobacco into England ; and Dr. Bruce, who, in the last edition of his 

 excellent work on the Boman Wall, asks, " Shall we enumerate smok- 

 ing pipes, such as those shown in the cut, among the articles belonging 

 to the Boman period ? Some of them, indeed, have a mediaeval 

 aspect, but the fact of their being frequently found in Boman sta- 

 tions, along with pottery and other remains undoubtedly Boman, 

 ought not to be overlooked. The specimens in the cut are one half 

 the size of the original ; the larger of these is from the Boman sta- 

 tion at Pierce Bridge, the smaller from the north of Northumber- 

 land. Some have been recently found at Bremenium." Any one 

 acquainted with the history of the manufacture of these pipes will 

 recognize the two examples given in Dr. Bruce's cut as figures of 

 pipes belonging to the earlier part of the seventeenth century. 

 Similar pipes are described by the Abbe Cochet, in his Noi'inandie 

 Souterraine, as found on Boman sites in Erance, and even that 

 careful antiquary seems to have been almost persuaded of their 

 great antiquity. This circumstance of the occurrence of objects 

 undoubtedly modern in immediate association with others 

 which may be [pronounced with equal confidence to be ancient, 



