Literary Notices. 387 



kind are found of various sizes ; some large enough to grind small 

 quantities of grain, while others of less dimensions may have been 

 used for triturating articles on a smaller scale. They seem to have 

 been made by hollowing out a depression in water- worn stones or 

 pebbles. They are mostly of granite, bnt three or four of quartzite 

 have been discovered, and one or two of sandstone. They are from 

 two to eight inches in breadth, and are not polished. .Numerous 

 illustrations are also given of prehistoric art, in the shape of carved 

 and sculptured bone, chiefly reindeer horn. The attempts to exe- 

 cute floral patterns are very roughly carried out, but much greater 

 success attended the endeavours of the old Aquitainians to depict 

 animals, as, even when the outlines are clumsy and incorrect, there 

 is often a striking appreciation of the true character of the object. 

 Thus in Plate VII. and VII. two awkwardly delineated horses are 

 remarkable for a rude power of expressing motion, and the same 

 may be observed in the two adjacent reindeer. Two fragments of 

 dart heads are ornamented with very badly executed human arms 

 and hands. Angular marks are sculptured on the arms, but it is 

 impossible to say whether they represented tattooing or dress, or 

 were merely fanciful lines of ornament. In another dart head we 

 notice what the text calls a "bar-like ornament." It looks some- 

 thing like a leather strap or belt, with four holes at one end and 

 three at the other. Most of the attempts at art are imitations of 

 natural objects, but the slightly curved implement in B Plate X., 

 with its row of oval figures touching each other, each oval having 

 three furrows cut at one end, looks like an effort to make a conven- 

 tional design, and cannot be complimented for its success. None 

 of the ornamentation possesses a trace of humour, the grotesque 

 probably being of much later date. In one case the stretched-out 

 skin of some long-tailed animal has furnished the design. 



Organic Philosophy. Vol. II. Outlines of Ontology, Eternal 

 Forces, Laws and Principles. By Hugh Doherty, M.D. (Triibner 

 and Co.) — When thoughtful works are written by men of consider- 

 able ability and attainments, they deserve a respectful treatment, 

 and if a reviewer does not take the trouble to follow the author's 

 lines of argument, and understand his results, he should abstain 

 from hostile criticism. Now with regard to Dr. Doherty's ontology, 

 we are in the condition supposed. We do not feel disposed to make 

 a study of the work, because, from a cursory view of it, we do not 

 think it would repay us for the labour. We cannot, therefore, pre- 

 tend to do more than just glance at his philosophy. He classifies 

 the sciences as methodological, cosmological, and ontological, and 

 subdivides these into lesser groups. At the top of his methodo- 

 logical group stands biologies, comprehending physical biology, in- 

 stinctual biology, mental biology, and spiritual biology ; and at the 

 bottom of this group we find physics, subdivided into photological 

 physics and enemies, electrological physics and chemics, thermo- 

 logical physics and chemics, and barological physics and chemics. 

 Below biologies he places sociologies, and between sociologies and 

 mechanics stands " dialegmatics," comprehending musical sciences, 

 linguistic sciences, dramatic sciences, and methodic sciences, the 



