1906] 



The crucifurm brooches of Norway. 



25 



the knobs with tlieir inner side get clear of the edge of the plate 

 and reach a little above its level, and there are also commonly 

 secn some special arrangements to keep them there and to give a 

 higher degree of solidity to the whole construction. In some broo- 

 ches (figs. 30 — 32) ! ) the knobs are on their inner side provided 

 with projections with a sp lit into which the plate is inserted, an 

 -arrangement found all over Scandinavia and in England, thongh it 

 has never been very commonly used and has given no important 

 contribution to the main development of the 

 type. Much oftener the knobs have got a 

 little groove into which is inserted the edge of 

 the plate, sharpened for this purpose. The 

 sharpening of the edges divides the surface 

 of the plate into three facets which, at first, 

 are not even visible when the knobs are in 

 plaee (fig. 33), 2 ) but they will later on in 

 some degree influence the development of 

 the type. 



We see thus that the forming of the 

 plate is a little more complicated than it 

 seemed to dr. Hildebrand. We find three 

 contemporary varieties: the simple flat plate, 

 the plate with a higher middle part and the 

 plate with sharpened edges, none of them con- 

 siderably earlier than the others, though the 

 last mentioned, typologically, has been derived 

 from the first one. During most of the fol- 



lowing time they continued to be used contemporarily with each 

 other, though not equally much in the different parts of the whole 

 district. 



Fig-. 30 



*) Fig. 30: from Mestorf: Alterthiimer pl. XLIX. fig. 593. — Fig. 31: 

 Skogen. Hedrum pgd. Larvik. C. 19771. Ab. 1900, p. 284 fig. 1. — Fig. 32: 

 Juthmd, from Muller: Ordn. af Danm. Olds. Jernalderen, fig. 548. — The 

 explanation of the form seen in figs. 30 and 31 is perhaps found in the circum- 

 stance that some Eoman brooches have their knobs fixed by a real screw (for 

 instance Hildebrand 1. c. fig. 126) which, when discovered by a barbarian workman, 

 may have induced him to imitate the form though, in Eoman brooches, the 

 screw is not visible when the knobs are in place. — The corresponding pro- 

 jections of some English brooches are most like the specimen from Jutland, 

 fig. 32 (compare fig. 125 below). 



2 ) Holmegaard, Holme pgd. Mandal. C. 2665. N. Nicolaysen: Norske 

 Fornlevninger p. 271. 



