Haakon Schetelig - . 



[N... 8 



starpattern foot. 1 ) The Prussian forms may perhaps have intluenced 

 some of the late varieties of the cruciform brooches — as we sli al l 

 see below — but they touch in no respect the early development of 

 this type. 



The brooch which was in the 4th cent. most commonly used in 

 the Roman provinces (flg. I) 2 ) and which is so well known to all 

 students of the archaeology of Northern Europe has, on the other 

 hand, been regarded as the prototype of the cruciform brooches by 



two of the first authorities of Scan- 

 dinavia, dr. I. Undset and dr. Sophus 

 Muller. 3 ) A different opinion has 

 always been pronounced by the Swe- 

 dish archaeologists, from the first 

 great typological researches by dr. 

 H. Hildebrand to the recent books 

 by dr. 0. Almgren and dr. B. 

 Salin. The Swedish school flnds, 

 in contradiction to dr. Undset and 

 dr. Muller, in the cruciform brooch 

 a form of pure Teutonic origin de- 

 veloped from the brooch with returned 

 foot. I shall here try to give detailed 

 proofs that the last mentioned opinion 

 is the right one, though it must al- 

 ways be understood that the Roman 

 forms of that age generally influenced 

 the taste of Teutonic tribes, even in cases where the different elements 

 constituting the form as a type owed their origin to entirely native 



*) Illustrations of sucli Prussian brooches are found: Dr. Almgren: Studien 

 iiber nordeurop. Fibelform. Stockholm 1897, fig. 167 and 168. — Photographi- 

 sches Album der Ausstellung zu Berlin, Section I, Taf. 9 — 11 (brooches -with 

 starpattern foot Taf. 10, fig. 445 — 450). — Dr. Salin: Die altgermanische Thier- 

 ornamentik, Stockholm 1904, p. 69 ss. 



2 ) The specimen is found in the Rhine-provinces, now in the Bergen Museum. 

 To the development of this type see Almgren, 1. c. p. 88. 



3 ) Ingvald Undset: Das erste Auftreten des Eisens in Nordeuropa p. 295. 



— Dr. Sophus Muller: Ordning af Danmarks Oldsager, Jernalderen fig. 256 

 and text p. 59 (to fig. 548). — The same opinion was pronounced by Mr. B. E. 

 Bendixen as early as 1877 (see Ab. 1877, p. 191: „This form seems to be a 

 provincial or local development of the late Boman brooch with three knobs"). 



— H. Hildebrand : Bidrag til spannets ^listoria, Antiquarisk tidskrift for Sve- 

 rige IV, p. 201. — Almgren 1. c. p. 87. 



