1906] The crueiform broocbes of Norway. (j7 



even when seen from that side. The side-knobs also are, although 

 retaining the full roundness of the form, of very thin bronze with 

 only a small hole in the base to pass the axis; a remarkable proof 

 of ability in small metal-work. Thus the brooch is made very light 

 as compared with its size, at the same time as it certainly is one 

 of the best executed specimens known from Western Norway. It 

 is also in all probability in order to obtain a more accomplished 

 appearance of the brooch that the workman has tåken the trouble 

 to make the side-knobs separately aud to fix them to the plate by 

 a separate axis of bronze, an arrangement at that time nearly quite 

 forgotten. 



As a summary of what has been said in the description of the 

 Western forms, it may be pronounced that the original shape of 

 the brooch in Western Norway has been subject to more fargoing 

 changes than it has in the Eastern parts of the Peninsula, and 

 that the late Western varieties are distinguished by sharpness of 

 form and by good workmanship in a high er degree than is the 

 case with corresponding specimens in Eastern Norway. The scarce 

 appearance, in the brooches from Western Norway, of ornamenta! 

 patterns executed with a punch or a drill, has also been noted as 

 a difference between the brooches in the Eastern and in the Western 

 parts of the Peninsula. On the other hand, the practical arran- 

 gement of the pin and the gradual changes of the head of the 

 brooch are principally the same in all parts of the Peninsula and 

 very different from the development which took place in Denmark 

 and partially also in England. 



5. The crueiform brooches of England. 



My knowledge of this branch of the crueiform brooches is not 

 sufflcient to give a detailed description of all the variations of the 

 form or of the local spreading of the type in the island; 1 ) I must 

 content myself with trying to draw the outiines of the general de- 

 velopment of the type within the English district, especial respect 



r ) I know from personal examination the brooches preserved in The 

 British Museum, London, and in the museums of Newcastle, Oxford and Cam- 

 bridge; for information about the collection of York I am greatly indebted to 

 dr. George A. Auden who has kindly afforded photographs of the specimens 

 preserved there. 



