1906] 



The cruciform brooehes of Norway. 



99 



and as the head-plate is missing- it certainly cannot be included 



among the cruciform brooehes in the meaning in which it is used 



in this paper. But it is — as pointed out by dr. Salin — very 



interesting as indioating a Teutonic population in the midtlle of 



England already in the 4th cent., and conse- 



quently it is not excluded that future disco v- 



eries will give evidence of the existence of 



the contemporary cruciform brooehes (of a form 



as figs. 19, 20, 23, 25) also within the English 



district. 



The cruciform brooehes, properly said, 

 which I know from England are all in a more 

 advanced stage of development, and some of 

 them, showing the earliest variations known, 

 are given in the folio wing" four figures (116 — 

 119). 1 ) It is evident that such forms have 

 already passed the first stage of development 

 which was common to the districts on the East 

 side of the German Ocean, but compared with 

 the brooehes from this side of the sea they 

 certainly are most closely allied to some forms 

 from Sleswick-Holstein and from Jutland, and 

 they may be said to continue the development 

 from about the same point where it is finished 

 in Sleswick-Holstein. Here the latest brooehes 

 found are of a form as Mestokf : Alterthiimer 

 fig. 593 which is rather earlier than the broo- 

 ehes figs. 117 — 119. As signs of a more ad- 

 vanced development I note in these brooehes 

 the larger dimensions and the broader shape of 

 the whole form, the animal-head included, to 

 which may be found very close parallels in 

 Jutland 2 ) but not in Sleswick-Holstein. 



Respecting the shape of several details 

 these English brooehes also suggest connexion with brooehes from 

 Jutland, while hardly any trace is found of influence from earlier 



Fig. 119. 



J ) Fig. 116: Rugby; Åkerman: Remains of Pagan Saxondom, pl. XVIII, 



flg. 2. — Fig. 117: Icklingham, Suffolk ; Brit. Mus. From a pliotograph. - 

 Fig. 118: Wildbraham, Cambs. Neville : Saxon Obsequies, pl. 8, no. 143. — 

 Fig. 119: Wil db rah am; Neville, pl. 8, no. 73. 



-) For instance Oopenhagen Museum: 2817, C. 5411, C. 7258. 



