1906] 



The cruciform brooches of Norway. 



105 



presented from no other district than from the West coast of Nor- 

 way, and as the earliest English specimens of this sort are very 

 like the Norwegian form. The characteristie curve of the wing's 

 outline, so often seen in Norway, deserves in this respect a special 

 attention when also found in England; it is seen in the brooch 

 fig. 124, x ) and this brooch is no unique appearance. Consequently 

 I believe that the relationship is 

 here fairly established and also 

 that the direction of the influence 

 is not doubtful as the introduetion 

 of the form in the English broo- 

 ches must be contemporary with 

 the rather late stages of the de- 

 velopment in Western Norway. 



Most of the late English broo- 

 ches develop from this form; the 

 further changes in the foot being 

 here shown in the three following 

 iigures (125— 127). 2 ) The side- 

 wings of the foot are soon replaced 

 by animal-heads which are generally 

 preserved through all the following 

 stages of the development, though 

 the form is sometimes indistinct 

 (as in fig. 127) and sometimes com- 

 pletely effaced. More interest is 

 attracted by the remarkable chan- 

 ges in the shape of the terminating 

 animal-head whose nose with its 

 two scrolls is gradually enlarged, 

 then separated from the rest of 

 the head by a transverse moulded 

 ribbon and treated as an indepen- 

 dent ornamental motive, and certainly as a motive more important 

 than the head itself. By this process the surface is also gradually 

 losing all relief articulation. the termination of the foot being finally 



Fig. 126. 



J ) Wildbraham, Cambs. Neville pl. 10, no. 173. 



2 ) Fig. 125: Northwokl, Norfolk. Brit. Mus. From a sketch by the author. 

 — Fig. 126: Kilham, Yorksh. York Mus. From a photograph. — Fig. 127: 

 Wildbraham, Cambs. Neville pl. 4, no. 95. 



