1906] The cruciform brooches of Norway. 121 



the small brooch found at Tolkwade, though it is an older variety 

 of the form. 



Of great importance is also Mr. Vedel's attribution of his 

 type „F 1" (fig\ 142) to the 4th cent,, as this, typologically, is 

 contemporary with the prototype of the cruciform brooches. Tims, 

 we should also from this circumstance suppose the development of 

 the cruciform brooches to have begun during the same century, and 

 this coincidence with the date given by Prof. Montelitjs is the 

 more noteworthy as these archaeologists have made their researehes 

 quite independently of each other. 



It may ihen be tåken as a most likely supposition that the 

 prototype of the cruciform brooches appeared about the middle of 

 the 4th cent. and that such early forms as figs. 23—25 above were 

 used during the late part of the same century. 



Fig. 141. %. Fig. 142. %. 



Some examples should here be recorded to show how careful 

 one must be not to fix the clates too precisely as the graves and 

 other deposits from which our knowleclge is drawn, naturally contain 

 objects that are not all absolutely of the same age. - - ln a grave 

 in Ringerike the fine brooch fig. 143 was found associated with 

 the mountings of a scabbard fig. 144. J ) The brooch is of the early 

 form corresponding to speeimens which have been attributed above 

 to the end of the 4th cent.; it is solidly east and ornamented with 

 silver inlaid in the surface. The silver mountings of a scabbard 

 (fig. 144), found in the same grave, are on the other hand very 



to the Danish system, and that the 5th of them is in good accordance with the 

 7th period of prof. Moktelius, no respect being bad to the absohite dates; in 

 the „Irish style" of this period no distinction is made between the really Irish 

 motives and the ornaments which dr. Salin (Thierornamentik) has called the 

 Teutonic style II and III. — As already remarked the graves of Bornholm 

 afford a more complete survey of the later parts of the Iron-Age than any other 

 district in Denmark. 



!) Veien, Norderhov pgd. Eingerike. C. 325—348. N. Nicolaysen: Norske 

 Fornlevninger, Kristiania 1862—68, p. 144, and E. Keyser in Annaler for Nord. 

 Oldk. 1836—37, p. 142—150. 



