40 



Pinus monticola, Dougl. 



California, at an elevation of 7,000 feet. It thrives best in poor soil 

 of granite formation, and attains the height of 200 feet, with a stem 

 of 1£ to 4 feet thick. The wood is white, close-grained. 



Pinus muricata, Don. 



Bishop's Pine. California. Found up 7,500 feet! This pine grows to 

 about 40 feet. 



Pinus nigra, Ait. 



Black Spruce. North-East America, Occurring extensively between 

 44° and 53° N, latitude. This tree, which is termed Double Spruce 

 by the Canadians, attains a height of 70 feet, and furnishes a light 

 elastic timber of white colour, excellent for yards of ships. The 

 young shoots are used for making spruce-beer, and the small roots 

 serve as cords. It likes swampy forest land, 



Pinus nobilis, Dougl. 



Noble White Fir, North west coast of America, on the Columbia 

 River and the mountains of North California, where it forms exten- 

 sive forests at 6 to 8,000 feet, A majestic tree, 150 to 200 feet high, 

 with regular horizontal branches. It furnishes a valuable timber for 

 building. 



Pinus orientalis, L. 



Sapindus Fir. In Asia Minor, at 4,000 feet. The tree rises to about 

 80 feet, and resembles somewhat the Norway Spruce. The wood is 

 exceedingly tough and durable. 



Pinus parviflora, Sieb. 



In Japan. It only gets about 25 feet high ; but is much used as an 

 avenue tree ; wood for fine furniture and boat-building. 



Pinus Pattoniana, Pari. 



California; 5 to 6,000 feet above sea-level. A very fine fir, 300 feet 

 high, with a perfectly straight stem. The wood is hard, of a reddish 

 colour, with handsome veins ; but poor in resin. 



Pinus patula, Schiede and Deppe. 



In Mexico ; at an elevation of 8 to 9,000 feet. A graceful pine, 80 feet 

 high. 



Pinus pendula, Soland. (P. microcarpa, Lamb.) 



Small-coned American Larch ; Black Larch or Tamarack. Frequent 

 in "Vermont and New Hampshire, A pine of pyramidal growth, 100 

 feet high. The timber is white, heavy, resinous, and as highly 

 valued as that of the Common Larch. 



Pinus picea, Du Roi.* (P. Abies, L.) 



Norway Spruce, Fichte, Middle and Northern Europe and Northern 

 Asia ; rising from the plains to an elevation of 4,500 feet, and forming 

 extensive forests. The tree attains a height of 150 feet or even more, 

 and furnishes an excellent timber for building and furniture ; com- 

 monly known under the name of White Deal. It also produces the 

 Burgundy Pitch in quantity, while the bark is used for tanning. 

 Though enduring our dry summers, this spruce would have to be 

 restricted for timber purposes to the damp mountains, 



Pinus Pinaster, Soland* 



Cluster Pine. On the shores of the Mediterranean, The tree is of 

 quick growth, and rises to 60 feet in height ; the wood is soft and 

 resinous ; it yields largely the French turpentine. Among the best 

 pines for consolidation of sandy coast land, and converting rolling 

 sands into pasture and agricultural land. For ease of rearing and 

 rapidity of growth, one of the most important of all pines. 



