54 



ffiata, Desf., the Lombardy Poplar. Greatest height 150 feet. Growth 

 rapid, like that of all other poplars. Wood soft, light and of loose 

 texture, used by joiners, coopers and turners, furnishing also superior 

 charcoal. Bark employed in tanning. The tree requires damp soil. 



Populus tremula, L. 



The European Aspen. Height 80 feet. It extends to Japan, where also 

 a peculiar species, Populus Sieboldii (Miq.) exists. The aspenwood is 

 white and tender, and in use by coopers and joiners. 



Populus tremuloides, Michaux, 



The North American Aspen. Height 50 feet. It extends west to 

 California, where a particular species, Pop. trichocarpa, Torrey, occurs: 

 All Poplars might be planted like all Willows, in our gullies, to 

 intercept forest-fires, also generally on river-banks. 



Quercus JEgilops, L* 



South Europe. A tree of the size of the British Oak. The cups, 

 known as Valonia, used for tanning and dyeing ; the unripe acorns as 

 Camata or Camatena, for the same purpose. The wood is capital for 

 furniture. 



Quercus alba, L * 



The White or Quebec Oak. A most valuable timber tree, 100 feet high ; 

 diameter of stem, 7 feet. Wood in use by ship-builders, wheelwrights, 

 coopers and other artisans. 



Quercus annulata, Smith. 



A large Oak of Nepal, which provides a very good timber. 

 Quercus aquatica, Walter. 



North America. Height of tree 60 feet ; it furnishes a superior bark 



for tanning, also wood for ship-building. 



Qercus Cerris, L. 



South Europe, of the height of the English Oak, in suitable localities 

 of quick growth. The foliage deciduous, or also evergreen. The wood 

 available for wheelwrights, cabinetmakers, turners, cooper6 ; also for 

 building purposes. 



Quercus coccifera, L. 



The deciduous Kermes Oak of South Europe ; so called from the red 

 dye, furnished by the Coccus ilicis, from this Oak. It also supplies 

 tanner's bark. The huge and ancient Abraham's Oak belongs to this 

 species. 



Quercus coccinea, Wangenheim. 



The Black Oak of North America. Height 100 feet ; stem-diameter, 

 6 feet. Foliage deciduous. The yellow dye, known as Quercitron, 

 comes from this tree. Bark rich in tannic acid, 



Quercus cornea, Loureiro. 



China. An evergreen tree, 40 feet high. Acorns used for food. 

 Quercus falcata, Michaux. 



North America. Foliage deciduous. Lives in dry sandy ground. 



A good-sized tree with excellent tanner's bark. 



Quercus Ilex, L. 



The Holly Oak of South Europe. Height of tree 50 feet. Wood in 

 use for ship-building, bark for tanning. From varieties of this tree 

 are obtained the sweet and nourishing Ballota and Chesnut acorns. 



Quercus incana, Roxb. 



A Himalayan timber tree of great dimensions, beautiful, evergreen. 





