12 PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY. 



a. Their shape and their mode of overlapping. 



b. The dark, shiny veins ; where are they strongest ? 



c. Scrape some of the scales off a wing; examine 

 under a high power of the microscope, making 

 drawings. 



d. Examine a piece of a wing, with the scales on it, 

 to see how they are attached and arranged. Look 

 at a part of the wing where the scales have been 

 removed. 



6. Spread the wings of the butterfly, and draw them as 

 seen from above. 



7. Examine the legs, and compare their use in this insect 

 and others. 



8. Make a drawing of the butterfly as seen when at rest, 

 naming all the parts visible. 



9. Compare the colors and markings of the upper and 

 lower surfaces of the wings. 



10. Carefully compare a moth and a butterfly. 



11. Butterflies and moths belong to the order Lepidoptera, 

 or scaly-winged insects. 



The orders of insects are divided into families; this 

 butterfly belongs to the family Nymphalidae. 



Families are divided into genera; this butterfly belongs 

 to the genus Danais, 



Genera are divided into species; this species is archip- 

 pus. So this butterfly belongs to the class, Insecta; order, 

 Lepidoptera; family, Nymphalidae; genus, Danais; species, 

 archippus. 



The males are distinguished by an elevated black spot 

 along one of the veins, near the middle of the hind wings. 



Where is this butterfly found most abundantly? 



