Laics of Molecular Force. 



221 



This comparison has been made only to show that the form 

 is applicable to other bodies as well as to ethyl oxide and car- 

 bonic dioxide ; full confirmation of the form will come later 

 on, in the study of many of its applications. 



2. Establishment of the Characteristic Equation for the 

 Gaseous Elements, with proof of continuity during liquefaction. 

 — The simplest plan in the case of the gaseous elements will 

 be to take nitrogen as typical and tabulate for it Kvf(v) and 

 v 2 <j)(v) from Amagat's experiments up to 320 metres of 

 mercury. 





Table VIII.- 



—Nitrogen . 





V. 



Kvf{v). 



v*<p(v). 



1 * 



Ki>/(i>). 



V*<J>(v). 



Perfect gas 



2-233 



4-15 



3-25 



1188 



9-22 



263 





3-69 



340 



1007 



6-91 



2-77 



1197 



348 



344 



982 



576 



3-OS 



1396 



323 



3-80 



1250 



4-(51 



294 



809 









The values of v 2 <f)(y) are unsteady, because the departures from 

 Boyle's law are so small that 0(v) cannot be determined with 

 accuracy ; but it is clear enough that v 2 (j>(v) does not tend to 

 diminish within the range of volume available, not a wide 

 enough one, however, to convince us that there is a radical 

 difference between the course of this function in elements and 

 compounds. But if we adopt from this Table as it stands the 

 only possible conclusion that v 2 <p(v) is constant, we shall be 

 able to justify it by its consequences. In contrast to the 

 constancy of v 9 <f>(v) is the tendency of Hvf (v) at low volumes 

 to double its perfect gas-value. 



In the case of H 2 and 2 the two functions run a similar 

 course to that for N 2 , but it is a more unexpected fact that 

 they also do the same for the compound methane, CH 4? as is 

 shown in Table IX. 





Table IX.- 



-Methane. 







V. 



Kvf(v). 



v 2 <j>(v). 



v. 



Rvf{v). 



v 2 <p(v). 



Perfect gas. 



3-908 





1211 



5-24 



6900 



32-3 



4-16 





1009 



543 



6400 



28-2 



4-30 



5600 



807 



5-95 



6500 



24-2 



4-39 



6200 



7-27 



647 



7000 



20 2 



4-73 



6900 



6-46 



680 



6800 



161 



4-73 



6200 



i 605 



673 



6200 



It is evident that we have here to do with v~<p{r) as a constant, 



