THE 

 LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 



AND 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 



[SIXTH SERIES.] 



\ 



OCTOBER 1901. 



XXXIII. The Thermomagnebic and Thermoelectric Properties 

 of Crystalline Bismuth. By Louis Lownds, B.Sc, 1851 

 Exhibition Research Scholar, Univ. Coll. Nottingham *. 



§ 1. I i^OR the development or verification of a theory of 

 X the Thermomagnetic Phenomena discovered by 

 A. v. Ettingshausen and W. Nernst f in 1886, it appears 

 necessary to determine for one plate the several quantities 

 which come into consideration. E. van Everdingen t has 

 already determined for a plate of electrolytic bismuth the 

 several data, but the observations were made within very 

 narrow limits of temperature and no experiments were 

 carried out at low temperatures where the effects strongly 

 increase. 



A plate of crystalline bismuth was placed at my disposal 

 by Prof. Groth of Munchen, to whom my best thanks for the 

 specimen are due. This plate was cut from a large crystal 

 in his possession so that the chief crystallographic axis lay in 

 the plane of the plate and parallel to its length. It is 

 intended to measure the several quantities for this plate 

 within limits of temperature and field-strength as large as 

 possible. The present paper deals with the Longitudinal and 

 Transversal Thermomagnetic Phenomena and the thermo- 

 electric force with relation to copper. 



§ 2. Small irregularities on the surface and edges of the 



* Communicated by Prof. K. Warburg. 



f A. v. Ettiugshausen and W. Nernst, Wied. Ami. xxix. p. 343 (1886). 

 X E. van Everdingeu, Comm. Phys. Lat. of Leyden, No. 42 (1898), 

 No. 48 (1899). 



Phil. Mag. S. 6. Vol. 2. No. 10. Oct. 1901. Z 



