On the Glaciation of parts of Kashmir. 135 



volcanic over plutonic igneous rocks, and thinks that the existing 

 remnants of " felspathic traps " are not sufficient to supply the 

 quantity. He suggests that they must have come from an upper 

 portion of Dartmoor. 



In conclusion, the author considered that he has shown that the 

 igneous materials are of local origin, and that they consist of granites, 

 felsites, and volcanic types, ranging from andesites to basalts ; thac 

 the few igneous fragments not hitherto assigned to in-situ rocks are 

 yet of a similar character ; that the conditions under which the " fels- 

 pathic traps " occur in situ lead to the inference that they are vol- 

 canic phenomena which probably represent the final phase of the 

 igneous activity of the Dartmoor region. Lastly, he expresses his 

 opinion that the elevation of Dartmoor and the associated igneous 

 phenomena took place at a period not earlier than the Permian. 



4. " Notes on the Glaciation of parts of the Valleys of the 

 Jhelam and Sind Rivers in the Himalaya Mountains of Kashmir." 

 By Capt. A. W. Stiff e, F.G.S. 



After referring to the previous writings of Messrs. Lydekker, 

 Theobald and Wynne, and Col. God win- Austen, the author gave 

 an account of his observations made during a visit to Kashmir in 

 1 885, which appeared to him to indicate signs of former glaciation 

 on a most enormous scale. 



A transverse valley from the south joins the Sind valley at the 

 plain of Sonamurg, and contains glaciers on its west side. These, 

 the author stated, filled the valley at no remote period, and extended 

 across the main Sind valley, where horseshoe-shaped moraines, many 

 hundred feet high, occurred, and dammed the river, forming a lake 

 of which the Sonamurg plain was the result. The mountains which 

 originated the above glaciers were described as being cut through by 

 the Sind river, and the rocks of the gorge were observed to be 

 striated, whilst rocks with a moutonnee appearance extended to a 

 height of about 2000 feet. 



The whole of the Sind valley was stated to be characterized by a 

 succession of moraines through which the river had cut gorges, whilst 

 the hillsides were seen to be comparatively rounded to heights of 

 2000 feet or more. 



The author had also formed the opinion that at Baramulla the 

 barrier of a former lake occupying the Kashmir valley was partly 

 morainic, before reading Prof. Leith Adams's view of the glacial 

 origin of some of the gravels of this point. 



The whole valley of the Jhelam from this point to Moznfferabad 

 showed extensive glacial deposits, which had been modified by 

 denudation and by the superposition of detrital fans, widely 

 different in character from the glacial deposits. Eelow llampoor 

 the valley was thickly strewn with enormous granite blocks resting 

 upon gneiss, and the author believed that they had been transported 

 by ice. 



In conclusion, it was noted th at the existing torrential stream had 

 further excavated the valley since Glacial times and, in places, to a 

 considerable depth. 





