Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 307 



latter reposes upon the basalt and in some cases was deposited 

 against upstanding basaltic masses. Unmistakable lavas occur near 

 the Nile E. of Minieh and W. of Assiout. 



A description of some remarkable faults is given, and various 

 minerals are noticed as occurring in the sedimentary rocks and the 

 bed of an ancient river. 



XXXIV. Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



ON AN APPARENT RELATION OF ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE TO 

 GRAVITY. BY DR. G. GORE, F.R.S. 

 TJN" a research on " A General Belation of Electromotive Eorce 

 -*■ to Equivalent Volume and Molecular Velocity of Substances " 

 (Proc. Birm. Phil. Soc. 1892, vol. viii. pp. 63-138; 'Electrical 

 Eevievv,' vol. xxx. pp. 693, 722, 755, 786) I have demonstrated, 

 by means of a large number and variety of experimental mea- 

 surements, that the dilution of the liquid of a voltaic cell by 

 means of water or alcohol, the solution of either the positive metal 

 or the negative one by means of mercury, the dilution of either of 

 these amalgams by means of mercury, or the dilution of one solid 

 metal by means of another in an alloy, is universally attended by 

 an increase of mean electromotive force of the diluted and diluting 

 substances beyond the calculated amount, and therefore of the 

 actual electromotive force of the diluted one (that of the diluent 

 being very little affected), provided that no chemical union of 

 the diluted and diluting substances occurs. If, however, chemical 

 union does occur, this gain of electromotive force is diminished, or 

 converted into a loss which is larger in proportion as the union is 

 more intimate. 



In these experiments, by the act of solution or dilution, the 

 molecules of the active or diluted substance are separated farther 

 apart by those of the neutral or diluting one, and acquire greater 

 freedom of motion, whilst those of the diluent approach only 

 slightly nearer together and do not perceptibly affect the result. 



It is generally admitted that the particles of all bodies are in an 

 incessant state of motion, that this motion is the vis viva or energy 

 contained in the substance, and that the laws of motion apply 

 equally to the smallest as to the largest bodies. If now we regard 

 each molecule of the active substance as vibrating like a pendulum, 

 its movements must obey the law r of falling bodies, and the larger 

 the degree of freedom of motion the greater the arc of vibration, 

 the larger the fall, and the greater the velocity of motion. And as 

 in the above-mentioned experiments the volta electromotive force 

 of substances generally has been proved to vary directly as the 

 degree of molecular freedom, it must also, according to this view, 

 be directly related to, and dependent upon, the velocity of mole- 

 cular motion and the law of gravity in the above manner. 



ON THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF FERROMAGNETISM. 

 BY H. E. J. G. DU BOIS. 

 Consequent upon the great strides made in the experimental 



