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theory as a working hypothesis, regards effort as an internal energy, 

 capable of responding to external stimuli. They include under 

 this name both the purely mechanical or involuntary, as well as the 

 voluntary reactions of organisms, whether these are simply plasmic, 

 or cellular, or occur in the more highly differentiated form of nerv- 

 ous action. 



The word "effort" has mental connections with conscious en- 

 deavor, and when we enlarge the definition so as to include purely 

 mechanical organic reactions, this obliges every one to make an 

 effort to rid himself of old habits of associating it with psychic 

 phenomena. It not only imperfectly explains what is meant, but it 

 does not of itself fully convey the idea of a force capable of mold- 

 ing the parts of the body into new forms, and cannot be used at all 

 for the characteristics which originate through its action. 



No apology is therefore needed for the use of Entergogenism for 

 the popular term effort derived from tvro?, meaning within, and 

 epyov, meaning work or energy. This term does not interfere with 

 the name given to the general theory by Prof. Cope — kinetogenesis, 

 in allusion to its dynamical character as a theory of genesis — but is 

 supplementary to this more general title. It is also quite distinct 

 from his neurism or nerve force, and phrenism or thought force, 

 although both of these, if we rightly understand him, are certain 

 forms of entergogenism. 



Dr. John A. Ryder * has discussed in one of his profound essays 

 the relations of the statical and dynamical phenomena of develop- 

 ment and evolution, using the terms ergogeny and ergogenetic for 

 all the modifications produced by organic energy, and he considers 

 kinetogenesis and statogenesis as divisions of the first named. 

 These instructive speculations and observations were written to 

 show that the changes of form produced by motion, and those mod- 

 ifications or conditions which may be properly considered as due to 

 the conditions of equilibrium, are often reached, as is claimed by 

 Ryder, as the result of Cope's law of kinetogenesis and are consid- 

 ered by him as statogenetic. These are interesting in connection 

 with the above, and support the remarks made elsewhere with refer- 

 ence to the use of terms like "avolution," and are substantially in 

 agreement with the general views taken in this paper, although tak- 

 ing up a side of the mechanics of evolution not specifically dis- 

 cussed here. 



* " Energy as a Factor in Organic Evolution," Proe. Amer. Philos. Soc, Phila., xxxi, 1893. 



