﻿On Deep Borings at Culford and Winkfield. 575 



June 20th. — Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. ' On Deep Borings at Culford and Winkfield, with Notes on 

 those at Ware and Cheshunt.' By W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., 

 F.R.S., F.G.S., and A. J. Jukes-Browne, Esq., B.A., F.G.S. 



The four borings are described in detail, so far as the specimens 

 examined would permit ; these were few in the case of Culford, but 

 many from the other borings. The following is an abstract of the 

 formations traversed in each : — 



Culford. Winkfield. Ware. Cheshunt. 

 ft. ft. ft. ft. 



Surface Beds 6 — 17 14£ 



London Clay — 136 — 30 



Reading and Thanet Beds — 78 — 46 j 



Upper Chalk 1 «„„ 329 ? 183 ? 273 



Middle Chalk j 177 227 ? 237 



Lower Chalk 143 219 173 183 



Upper Greensand — 31 40 44 



Gault 73 264 166| 153J 



Lower Greensand 32J 9 — — 



Palaeozoic Rocks 19f — 35 29| 



657± 1243 841£ 1011 



The interest of the Culford boring centres in its striking the 

 Palaeozoic floor at the small depth of 637 1 feet ; but the age of the 

 slaty rocks cannot be determined. Although only 20 miles east of 

 Ely, no Jurassic rocks exist and the Lower Cretaceous series is only 

 about 32 feet thick, the beds differing greatly from those of Cam- 

 bridgeshire but resembling those of the same age in the Richmond 

 boring. 



The Winkfield boring (3| miles W.S.W. of Windsor) is remarkable 

 for having been successful in obtaining water from the Lower 

 Greensand, and for the great depth (1243 feet) to which it was 

 carried for this purpose, the Gault being unusually thick. 



The boring at Ware is now for the first time described in detail, 

 and former accounts are corrected from specimens preserved by the 

 New River Company. By this means, and with the assistance of 

 Mr. W. Hill, the authors are able to give a fairly complete account 

 of the rocks and to determine the limits of the divisions of the 

 Upper Cretaceous Series. They deny the existence of Lower 

 Greensand at this locality. 



Of the boring at Cheshunt a more complete account is now given, 

 based on information and specimens supplied by Mr. J. Francis, the 

 Engineer of the New River Company. 



The paper concludes with a tabular view of all the borings in the 

 East of England, showing the level below Ordnance datum at which 

 the Palaeozoic floor occurs in each. 



