COLON Y: 
the times preceding the foundation of Rome, ae ae 
bit 
a foreft confecrated to the Eumenides. Sophocles, accord- 
ing to Suidas, was born in this place. . 
COLONUS, an hufbandman, or villager, who was 
bound to. pay yearly a certain tribute, or at certain times of 
the year, to plow fome part of the lord’s land; and from 
hence comes the word clown, who i is called by the Dutch hoor. 
CoO , COLONIA roperly a number of ons 
of all fexes and conditions ee into a remote pro 
vince, with a view of remaining there, and for the aur ole 
of latte and ne ag it; but among commercial na- 
tions, the term is ufedin a larger but lefs proper fenfe, and 
applied to che sais gat refidence of merchants and agents 
in another country. word colony originally fignified 
ie a farm, i.e. the habitation of a 
no more peafant, co- 
-fonus, with the quantity a land {ufficient for the fupport of 
amil *‘ quantum colonus unus arare  poterat.’? 
Tt is geval fon ‘the Latin word cole, I till or cultivate; 
ae ns a hufbandman, and colonia, abody of farmers, 
fent cultivate the ground in a diltant country, and, b. 
me’ ey the place itfelf. From the Latin the word has 
paffed, with fcarcely any ay into the modern lan- 
guages of the weft of Eur 
We 
ema diftinguith, wenerally, f kind f | 
1. Thofe that ferve to oe or difcharge the inhabitants ae a 
country, where the people ¢ too numerous, fo that 
they cannot any lenger conveniently fublitt bogie 3: Thofe 
eltablithed by vi€torious prisces and people, in the middle of 
vanquilhed nations, to keep them in awe and obedience. 3. 
Thofe as are formed by emigrants, driven from their native 
countr oppreffion and perfecution to feek a foreign fet- 
tlement, and to fubfilt firft by agriculture, and afterwards 
by commerce. 4. Thofe that may be called ‘ colonies of 
commerce ;”’ becaufe trade! is the fole occafion and objeCt:of 
them 
To the Srft clafs we may refer the colonization which to 
place in the earlier ages of the world, 
diffeminate the human race, firft through the various regions 
parts 
tribe beyond the limits of a comfortable fubfiftence upon 
the lands which were occupied, would be a fufficient motive 
for inducing the younger members of the fociety to remove 
from the rofpeét or a€tual preffure of want, a e un- 
occupied territory, Some authors, however, opinion 
ee foon.after the deluge,. when the aa of Noah 
me numerous, a divifion of the ancient continent and its 
ecawen iflands was made, probably by lot, among the 
heads of the ee families. This opimion feems to be in 
fome meafure fupported by the authority of Mofes, who 
fays, (Gen. oe on mentioning the children of Eber, that 
f one of them was ‘* Peleg” (divifion),. for in 
his days was fe anh divided.” (See Dispersion.) 
ever this be, the gradual extenfion of the habitations of 
mankind muft have correfponded with their — and 
s to have been unreftrained by claims made u 
But this unlimited right of iescncn 
f the world ; 
it has become neceflary for mua who feek new teens 
ates of ancient thens, a 
Cah and Argos, ofleffed territories of very limited ex- 
tent ; and the increafe of popu ulat 
emigrations from all t 
Donia reforted chiefly to “Taly and Sicily, which, 
‘and affiftance, and owin 
and which ferved t to. 
_ united-forces, 
_ her fuperiority ate ftrength, attempted to exa 
ed by barbarous and uncivili de nations; tho 
Jonians and pemee the two 
Greeks, to 
fea, — Tree (of which fee 
been pre tty 
and i The emigrations now mentioned, 
others of a fimilar nature, were undertaken by private indi- 
viduals, with no authority from the gvernment ; and a 
great tribes of the 
they were generally direted towards difant and cr ae ee - 
‘ght conne@ion wit h their | 
fettlements, they retained but a fl 
in return sii igs and ae 
fpeGt 3 but, moreover, confidered it a 
over whom no direé& authority or varild iGion was ie 
The colony fettled its own form o d 
its own laws, ‘elected 
The colonifts, indeed, remembered 
the land of their pa with filial affection and refpect ; 
. they honoured its gods, 
temples; they retained a predilection for its cuftoms an 
laws, as well as - religion and language; they yielded to 
its citizens the place of diftinGtion at public games, and to 
its prielts the holy honour of firft infpe@ting the entrails of 
acrifices. In war they generally followed the fortuaes of the 
metropolis, as allies upon equal terms; but as they were 
perfectly independent, received no protection from her 
and often eae her in refources, they always refufed to 
come forward .as auxiliarics, when unfair terms were pr 
pofed. Thus, o Sicilian colonies refuled to admit an nee 
of the. - 
a Minor and the iands ef the AEzean | 
by offerings of firft-fruits to their 
nian army eh their territories, for the purpofe of refti:: Zo 
on an expedition; and, in the Perfian war, the republ 
Syracufe, ee intreated by the Lacedemonians to aid the 
common caufe, refufed to fend any affif ‘nae un ef pu 
chief oe Gelon, were allowed to comm 
metimes the parent elie, mae of 
from the 
colonies, . matter of right, the ufual marks of filial attach- 
» Corinth was defpifed by her colony at Cor- 
. er inferiority of wealth and trade; and fhe en- 
in by as oe ee aah of remem- 
brance. wie took aed 
and v 
colonies of Grecce to extreme danger, they in vain applied to 
Sparta for affiftance ; and, being foon conquered by the Perlis 
monarch, they remained in fubjeGion, until ae victories of 
Piatee and Myc rcale reftored them to yes 
ftri&t alliance with At hens, who availed herfel of the. op 
portunity of a general alarm, to propofe an uniyerfal cone 
tribution from all her colonies and allies, ie the. e-great pure 
pofe of refilting the Perfian power. 
ight cite. many . 
1c of : 
hilip. When the progrefs of Cyrus expofed the Afiatic. 
other inftances to exemplify the aes of the Grecian .. 
colonies on the ftates from which t 
thelefs, the benefits in point of 
barous counties: from colonies: of private: adventurers, mi- 
grating. 
