DEF 
intettions, Hd Si aaa and proportiong, will be fully ex- 
hibited. In t 
e fhall ftate, that the defences o 
regular otic are clafle ine bist saps heads ; 
viz, the bo he place, as delin by an out-line 
called the eee ; an the exterior defences vole the out. 
works. 
It is a rule held facred, in the Aico ty of the art, that the 
defences fhould ever be exadtly 
i sae faa that can be allot 
o take into confideration: the number of 
mount, the means of fafely lodging the troops, 
es ‘eltering the provifions and ftores requifite for a long i 
fiege ; the fupply of water is alfo a primary object towards 
the en of which the defences muft to a certain degree d 
con 
Thus we fhould underftand, that the aes ought ne- 
ver to exceed that extent which could b 
fuch a garrifon as could be lodged ae provifioned ; 
that the garrifon ought not to exceed the reafonable value 
For w 
t fup- 
port, plea fubjeGing the principal, or body of the place, 
to annoyance from fuch parts as might be cut off, and pof- 
feffed by the enemy, is called the defilement, (which fee,) 
and is an indifpenfible confideration while plaaning the out- 
Whatever may be their extent, it is neceffary, that, 
oak temporary, fafe lodgment fhould be furnifh: 5 in all 
out-works for the defenders, and their a Re ; while the 
more retired, and.concentrating parts of the fortrefs, fhould 
ene gradually more fubitantial, more e 
more conveniently arranged oe th 
of the defenders as — ie driven in fro 
it being a yeiee aan i 
divifion of t 
its defence, or oe ¢ within the princi Ju wee its es 
would create confnfion, difeafe, and fear 
DEFY , DEFENDERE, In our yee ee and Stas 
tutes, ae to prohibit or forbid. . § Rich. 
ic Jo which fenfe alfo Chaucer ie ity in the fol 
lowing paffage 
¢ Where can you fay, in an manner, age, 
That ever God defended marriage.’ 
See alfo Milton’s Parad. Loft, book ii. line 86. 
DEFENDANT, a term in Law, fignifying him who is 
fued in an aétion perfonal ; a tenant is he who is {ued in an 
action r 
DEFENDEMUS, a term ufed in grants and dona- 
tions, having this fo-ce, that it binds the donor and his 
heirs to defend the donee, if any man go about to lay any 
incumbrance on the thing given, other than i is contained in 
the deed of donation. ARRANTY- 
DEFENDER Defer) is 4 pe- 
8 Catholic to 
Spain ; 
. Tae € tines were gi 
n king Henry VILL. for writing againft Martin a 
and the bull for it bears date quinto idus Odtob. rgar. 
was afterwards confirmed by Clement VII. (Lord Her 
bert’s Hift. of Henry VIIL. 105.) But the pope, on 
Henry’s fuppreffing the houfes of retigion at the time of 
the Reformation, not only deprived him of his title, but de- 
pofed him from his crown alfe: though, in the thirty-fifth 
DEF 
year of be Haku this title, &c. was confirmed by parlia- 
t; and hath eontinued to be ufed by all fucceediag 
kings. - a da Lex Conftitutionis, 47, 48.) Cham. 
berlayne fays, the title belonged to the kings of England be. 
fore that time; and for proof hereof appeals to feveral 
charters granted. to the univerfity of Oxford! So that pope 
Leo’s bull wae a a renovation of an ancient right. Pref, 
itat. lib. i. cap. 
DEFENDERE Unica MANv, to wage law, by denying 
the accufation upon oath. “ Et fi forte foristadtor ile face 
tum negaverit & eae folus fit fine tefte, ile debet fe 
m vocem rationa bil die data 
vel plures habuerit, de- 
oe ta fata inter W. 
e Be ih mil & Abb. & Convent, de Ofeney, fine dat. See 
ANU 
EE 'ENDERS were anciently notable cirelet both 
n church and ttate; whofe bufinefs was to loo the pre- 
aad of the public weal, and to protect ce ee r and 
lefs, and to maintain the intereits a caufes of churches 
and al Se houfes 
ouncil of Chalcedon, can. 2. calls the defender of a 
uch, "ion Codin. De Officiis Aule Conft. makes men- 
tion of defenders*of the palace ; i does Bollandus, A& S. 
Januar. tom. i. p. 501. ‘There were alfo a defender of the 
kingdom, defenfor regni 3 defer sders ers of cities, defenfores ctvi- 
tatum ; defenders of the people, defenfores abhi; 3 of the poor 
fatherlefs, widows, &c. 
out the year 420, each sagas church began to 
have its defender ; which cuftom afterwards introduced 
into other churches, and ceacnues . later days under other 
names ; as thofe of advocate and advouee, See Any VOCATE, 
a: 
a) 
bet fe detendere. fexta manu 
and and Rove 
h 
EE. 
In the year 407, we find the council of Cuthage ailing 
the emperor for defenders, of the number of {chotafict, i. e. 
advocates who were in office ; and that it might be allowed 
them to enter, and to fearch the cabinets and papers of the 
judges, and other civil magiftrates, wna it fhould, be 
tound neceffary for the intereft of the church. 
DEFENDIN in Plaine is ordinarily fynonymous 
with flanking. ay the flank defends the curtin, 
and the ePronts ae of the balan ; this demilune flanks, 
or sida the horn, or crown-work, 
they fay the flank defends the curtin, they mea 
prevents the approaches: re pofted on the 
ok of a baftion, can fee any har come to attack the 
curtin; and can fhoot them, or prevent their al 
ENDING-Angle, Inner, 1 is the angle made by the leffer 
line of ae with the curtin 
hg a Wr Outer, is ‘the angle formed by the two 
leffer lines of de! 
he lines, or fides, 
mufkets orc 
than cannons 
EFENSITIV E, in seria praeeisie isa term eae 
to ointments, plafters, and other applications, the of 
which is merely to defend the ree to whi ch yueg are 
applied, from receiving injury by any accident, or from be- 
ing cod 2 cauttic or by acrid pee si the like. 
SIVE. Attecation, in Law e ALLE- 
of the rampart or wall, defended by 
arbines, are more eafy, cheap, and commodious, 
- 
GATIO 
DEFENSO, that part of any open field or place, that 
was allotted oe corn and hay, and upon which there was 
no commoa o ing, was anciently faid to be in defenfoe 
fo of any een ground that was laid in for hay only. It- 
3 “wag 
