DEGLUTITION. 
in front by the a aes ae soe levator Laas It 
elevates the uvula, ens it ; o the 
throat of a living ca its aGtion Me rie ea in ae mo- 
tions of the vvula. 
Palato paryngen eine son nus eee ftaphy- 
linus). — nous folds c inued from the foft pa- 
Jate to the hie ae pharynx c contain mufcular fibres, — 
the polterior ones are defcribed under the above 
has a broad origin in the apes "of the pote aa re 
apencurotic expanfion arifing from the union of the acs 
of the circumflex!; paffzs firft outwards, and then turns in an 
arched courfe downwar ds and backwards, confifting oes thin 
ftratum of mufcular fibres. Here it follows aa 
the Siren es dane a the membrane o ! 
towards - pharynx. expands into ibe fide of the bag, 
and has its fibres mix- ‘d a the middle conftrtor a 
ty se tieront oe flizhily conne&ted to the thyroid car- 
In the palate it is fituated in front of the levator pa- 
lati: and below, between the 
palatine fold, and the conftriGtores pharyngic 
infertions are moveabie, it may influence chem oth b 
contraGtion. The fuperior muft confider 
capable of motion; it hile therefore deprefs the foft pazate, 
i nofe, and bring it againft the root of 
ay, . the fame time, contribute to elevate 
and dilite the pharynx. If the larynx were held in its de- 
prefled fate, it would a¢t-merely on the palate, and nei 
bring that part in contact with the tongue; as, on con 
trary, if the palate were fixed by its elevating eowes it 
pharynx, 
(gloff: -pali atinus 5 ; gloffo ftaphylinus; con- 
- iithmi faucium ).— 3 the mufcle fituated in the 
ahi 
a 
i a 
ongue. ian pe 
fimilar to that of - former, the approximation of the palate 
to the root of the tongue. 
The éonfils are glandular bodies occupying the fpace left 
membrane, see above 
are united, and below to es pa 
lato- gloffus Tnufele lies in front of the gland, ard the palato- 
pharyng-us behind. ‘The two mufcleg juft mentioned prefa 
the tonfils between them in the a& of deglutition, and 
fqueeze out the fecreted fluid from their excretory ducts. 
When path are inflimed, as in the various affelions of thefs 
t; &c. this a gives rife to 
a 
% 
. 
Co 
the cule . and pain experienced a time in the act of 
ee The form tonfil net is fubje&t to 
much variety, approaches moft nearly to the 
almond. 
lands, 
veral openings on its furiace, leading into {mall cells hol- 
lowed out in the fubftance of the eae and lined by conti- 
nuations of the membrane of the mo e mucus fe- 
creted by thev “zls of as art is depot in thefe cells by 
the exer etory tubes, from which it may be preffed out in the 
cead fubjeG. This fluid, we is trantparent j in the healthy 
fate, becomes white and opaque in certain inflammatory af- 
vd . when it is 
elow. 
‘thefe organs, and ther 
feGtions, and then lodging in the fuperficial cells, gives the 
deceptive appearance 
Smaller nina mafles of a ar ftrud ff 
exoft, as w = ali yi men ond in contidereble numbers, 
of the 3 alati and uvula. The back of 
in the fubitan 
the tongue is “Farnifhed li ie wih feveral {mali roundith 
pee ) SS which give it an ir: aoe yy and tubers 
rance in this ation there ilo miicous 
the ea or contr 
ns vcry obvious; that of furnifhing a lubricat- 
ing fluid, to fachitate the paflage of the food, particularly 
of a dry nature 
The tongue conttitutes the organ of tafte; but it is by no 
means aa ae to that office; we confider it here as form. 
ing : part of the mouth, and as concurring i its Motions 
in the pro f errr and deglutiton. It is alfo 
es 
on foie dineel and effentially concerned in ‘the preduc- 
tion of articulated founds. Belides tie offic €8 now enume- 
rated, it performs a molt important part in the eariter pe- 
riods of our exiftence, as an indifpenfible agent in the adt of 
{ution ; as the means therefore by which we derive our firlt 
a ae 
o parts are to be confidered i in hier: of this organ: 
he Bone fituated under it, and affor fupport, 2$ 
well as a point of origin i or ae various mufcles which move 
it; and the foft mufcular body forming the tongue properly 
fo called. 
The os hyoides, or linguale, is ge between the ip = 
r part is clofely 
efore is a part of the firft importance 
in the {ubje¢t of the prefent article. 
It has received the name of hyoides from its refemblance 
to the Greek v, to which indeed it may be very well coms 
pared. It is placed i in the neck, with its convexity forwards, 
and the tw 
dr ae ; 
flattened in its form, and prefents an oblique furface to the 
front, marked with a more or lefs regular crucial projection, 
and giving llowi i 
from before backwards; viz. oe ftylo-hyoidei, mylo- 
hyoidet, genio-hyoidei, and hyaglo Behind it is rathe 
concave, and giv trach to a membranous ligament 
tying it to the reese lanes The fuperior margin h 
the hyogloffus fixed t 
fertions of the fterno- hyoidei, ome-hyoidei, and thyro-hyoi- 
ci. It terminates at each end by a fmooth furface, united 
toa 2 corre{ponding one of the cornu, by means of cart: 
and the two parts are feldom archylofed together. 
two cornua are much pay laa aad than the bafe, 
are bro 
cue ; Bear: ae towards each 
The hyo-gloffus ae middle conftriftor of the pharyax are 
inferted into them above; the thyro-hyoideal membrane and 
a part of the thyro-hyoideus below. Internally they are 
vered by the membrane of the pharynx. i 
broadeft extremities of the cornua 
fmal 
8 very 2) 
wheat, and their pofition is ines one eeu prinring 
Nn2 downwards 
