aa 
lens. r, is convex, and muit be i fed between the 
and the pencil, as i figure, for thofe perfons hae can 
fee diftant objeéts more Bilaiets than near ones 3 or 
n 
contrary, near fighted pe 
diftin@tly, muft have a concave Atk s, turned up before the 
fide, a ‘of i prifm, and, r, turne 7 out wh e way. 
The prifm being broaete to near eye, may be very 
he — on it at the fel Gaze. ane ae noes 
nches wide, 8 long, and half 
an inch thick, nuitlide mea ee re. 
DELIN eet a perfon who has committed fome 
fault, or offen 
It is the eee of a magiftrate to be fevere in pumfh- 
ing delinquents. 
DELIQUESCENCE, in Chemifiry, is = {pontaneous 
liquefaction of any faline eee ce, by means of the moif- 
ture which it attraéts from the a 
DELIQUIATED Potaes, | is applied generally to the 
{ub-carbonate of potath or falt of tartar, when run into a li- 
quid ey eae to a damp air. 
LIR pie in Medicine, an alienation of mind con- 
ith 
This is che (ae in which delirium is Rig ene! under- 
ood; but by fome writers, as Hoffman, Sauvages, &c. 
delirium is mt term employed to denote ae whole clafs of 
mental derangements, including the ori forms of mania, 
melancholy, febrile delirium, and fo 
Etymologifts have derived the term lela from de and 
Lira, i. e. departing from the right 
ftraight furrow carried through a field. 
ferred a derivation from Aneo:, /era, or lire, trifles, or abfurdi- 
ties. Van Swieten, ad Aph. 7 
Boerhaave defines delirium, “ the ae ape of ideas not 
with an internal d:f- 
cedes them, and the trains 
; and not of thofe —- ed ae ies a 
or by voluntary exertion. Zoo . u. clafs i 
1.gen.7. Both the fe definitions | pike oul the diftin. 
tions, and efpecially thofe siting from the ine condi- 
tion of the circulation in the brain, or of the brain itfelf, a are 
period, or incipient fous of del 
portunity is afforded 
and b 
an imperfect fleep. e i 
brain is much increafed, by che creas ‘of the febrile difeafe, 
the faculty of ea rae s diminifhed, the powers of 
affociation and imagination are morbidly ihcreafed, infomuch 
that. the cml ‘mpreliions on the fenfes, when they are 
DEL 
attended to by the tee become alfo the caufes of a train 
of delirious ideas, 
lies, is n 
i0Ww we 
and partly in a fictitious o s morbi 
nedted with oe impreffions of tes Selon in an incon 
gruous manne 
Delirium, et, may be confidered as a fort of waking 
dream, in which the faculties of affociation and imagination 
flight ephemeral fever- 
ifhnefs, up to the moft violent frenzy, accompanying inflam- 
mation of the brain. In our ordinary dreams, when the a 
= external impreflions is prevented, the fenfes being, as 
e, fhut up, and the powers of judgment and volition 
fafpended, ie tera fenfations, with their affociations, 
in of ideas 
be as quae! unconneGed as thofe of the mot delirions 
perfon ; but which, under this fufpenfion of external fenfe 
and volition excite no furprife to the ease by — eX- 
t ngruity, becaufe no comparifon is made, 
of judgment is ex —— As the faculty of A ne is s the 
idea ae 
j et 
the 
every indivi ual. n his 
fuppofed tortures, aflociated with that idea ; and, 
ing, he found himfelf fuffering under the irritation ape fore 
throat, the tony of which had excited this fingular train of 
me way an oppr icra re) 
with incubus, or “night -mare, are faid to experience, 
again, when the 7 is lefs complete, and the fenfes, as ‘of 
hearing, touch, ell, are more open to impreffion, . 
noifes, and other iiacens imperfely and indiftin@ly pers 
ceived, mingle, nevert aris s, with our dreams, and become 
the caufes of different trains of affociation. See Dreams. 
When ae . ile ceicn is induced, as from a common . 
d; m r dofe of fome rn onilant; as win rc 
fpirits $ or feat "one narcotic medicine, fuch as o 
ftate of the brain and nervous fyftem is produced, which : 
ie) 
.o 
ott 
greatly increafes this difpofition to affociate various 
trains of ideas, with the fenfations and irritations of the 
different parts of ; e 
ceflant and ‘tarious. If the fenfations are pleafurable, the 
dreams are a the ry, as is generally 
the cafe, the fenfations approach to pain, the aflociated ideas . 
are of a difagreeable nature, and imaginary objects of terror 
and danger are brought before the mind, 
If 
