DEM 
he holdeth by fervice, or rent in lieu of fervice, or by both 
fervice - rent. ite lic 1. 
IN is fometimes alfo taken, more largely, for lands 
and eit held for life, &c, and fometimes more ftrily 
for fae as are generally held in fee. 
n is fometimes again ufed fora diftin@ion between 
thofe cade that the lord cf the manor has in his own hands, 
or in the hands of his leflee, demifed upon a rent, for a term 
of years or life ; and fuch other lands pertaining to the faid 
manor iowa belong to = free, or copy-ho ders, 
is accounted demain, is 
oO are are judged in law ] 
have no other right but at the will . - lord; fo th 
it is reputed ftil, after a fort, to be e lord’s ha aa 
d yet in common {peech that is seinatly called demain, 
which is neither free nor copy -fre 
Dematin, or Deme/ne, again, is ufed i in a more {pecial fig- 
nification, in oppofition to frank..free land 
Thus, thofe lands, or manors, which were in the poffeffion 
of Edward the Confeffor, or William the Conqueror, are calied 
ancient demain, or demefne; and all others are called frank- 
fee; and the tenants who hold any of thofe former lands, 
are called tenants 7 ancient demain ; and the others, tenants 
in frank-fee, an 4 tenants at common law. The reafon 
is, becaufe ne in ancient demain cannot be fued out of 
the lord’s court. ‘The tenants of thefe lands, under the 
own, were not all o e fame order or degree. Some 
of them, as Britton tetkifies (c. 66.), continued for a org 
time pure and abfolute villeins, dependent on the will 
certain o plough the 
king’s land for fo many days, to fupply his ae with fuch a 
ceed of provifions, or other {tated fervices ; all which are 
ow changed into pecuniary rents; and in confideration of 
eas they had many immunities and privileges granted 
them (4 Inft. 26¢.); as, to try the right of their property 
ina agree court of their own, called a court of ancient 
demefne, by a peculiar procefs denominated a writ of *€ eit 
not to pay toll or taxes ; not to contribute to the 
es of knights of the fhire ; not to be juries ; 
and Ge like. - 11.14.) Thefe tenants therefore, 
though their tenure be abfolutely copyhold, yet have an in- 
tereft equivalent to a freehold; and lands holden by this 
tenure are a {pecies of copyhold, and as fuch preferved and 
exempted from the operation of the ftatute of Charles II. ; 
y the general common law co 
ances of degen aad the reft ; i mutt pafs by fureende 
to the lord fteward, i n the manner of comm n copy- 
; with this diftinQion hee. that in the ore 
of thefe lands in ancient demefne, it is not Ned to fay ‘to 
hold at the will of the lord” in their ead but only * to 
hold according to the cuftom of them 
in, or Deme/ne, lands of fies crown, terre domini- 
cales regis, denote either the fhare referved to the crown in 
the diftribution cf landed property, or iuch as came to i 
DEM 
7 narrow compafs, having been almoft entirely granted 
away to private fubjeéts. This has occafioned the parlia- 
ment frequently to interpofe ; and, par aan a king 
Willam IL]. had greatly aad ne crown, an a 
paffed (1 Ann. ft. 1. c. 7.) whereby ara grants or leafes 
fon the crown for any longer term than ars or three 
lives are declared to be void ; except with regard to houfes, 
which may be granted for 50 years. And no apt idage et 
leafe can be made, : as to exceed together with the 
in being, the fam rm of three lives or 34 years ; that i 18, 
when there isa fubtidting ioe of which there are 20 years 
there a ufuaily been 
third of the nee fans valu he rents and profits of the 
demefune lands of the crown : conte one branch of the 
king’s ordinary reven 
DEMAND, in e ape fenfe, denotes a calling for, of 
requiring one’s 
EMAND in a has a more fpecial Sanaa as 
contradiftinguthhed from plaint: for all civil a 
{ued either by demands or plaints ; acorn 7 
purfuer is called either demandant or pla otif ioe. 
real actions, demandant ; and in perfonal ations, psi. 
Where the party purfuing is called demandant, the 
purfued is called tenant ; and where the forater is Laie 
plaictiff, the latter is termed defendant. 
There are two kinds of demands: the one in deed, de 
fado, as in every precipe ; the other in law, de jure ; {uch is 
entry in land, pie a rent, &e 
Debts, claims, &c. 
are to be demanded and made in time, by the ftatute of limit 
orious place ; where lands 
and woods are let together, A rent Is to e deman ded on 
the land, as the moft worthy thing, and on i moft public 
part thereof: if wood only be leafed, the demand muft be 
(1 
made at the gate of the wood, &c. Inf. 201. oph. 58.) 
If a man releafe another from all demands, it is the beft 
releafe the releafee can have, and fhall eile und moft to 
his advantage: for all eee cue, and all freeholds, and in- 
heritances, executory, are releafed. A releafe of fa@s is 
more large than of quarrels or aCtions ; and a releafe of de- 
mands more large and beneficial than either : by a releafe of 
all demands to the diffeifor, the right of entry into the land, 
and all contained therein, is releafed ; ; and he that releafeth all 
demands, excludes hi mfelf from all ations, entries, and 
cizures. But itis no barto a 7 of error to releafe an 
outlawry, 8 Co. 153, 154. 
DEMANDAN* ais: he who is ator, or an 
in a real action; thus called, becaufe he demands lands, 
EMA 
D » in Geography, a great cavern in a time, 
ftone rock, near the town of Pribilini in Hungar i 
the e of whi ruchman, in his Epiftola Itineraria, 
affer 
ae! taken the Sia of the dragon ae to the king 
of Saxony at Drefde ownfon’s 
E R TUS; in Biography, Ge cP poate fucceed~ 
ed his father Arifto: and had, almoft as foon as he afcended : 
3D2 the 
