DEM 
or kinds, of eloquence; being that which obtains ia the 
eee of panegyrics, invectives, gratulatory and funeral 
oration 
Rhetoric is eerie “ three minds deliberative, de- 
monftrative, and judic See TORIC. 
emonftrative diteoufes, aie either in praife or dif- 
praife ; and thefe refpeét either perfons or things. In praif- 
ing or difpraifing ona rhetoricians prefcribe two methods, 
One is, to follow the order, in which every thing happened, 
that is me ntioned - in the difeouites 3 and the other is, ~ re- 
duce what is faid under certain eae heads, withou 
ftri& regard to the order of time. the profecution “of 
the firft method, the difcourfe may be conveniently divided 
into three periods ; the firft containing occurrences that 
page the perfon’ s birth; the fecond the ail courfe of 
his life; and the 
wed by Mocrates, | in an 
n Eragoras, ing of Salamis, and by 
ny, in his panegyric upon € emperor Trajan his 
kind of difcourfe, in which the met a is plain and obvious, 
will require the more e agreeable render it interefting 
and delightful; but otherwife it (ean rather like ao hiftory 
than an oration. The ot fi 
; if any one in praifing the 
ae Cato, fhould propofe to do it by fhewing, that he was 
moft prudent fenator, an excellent orator, and moft valiant 
a goo d gene eral may be comprifed under four heads; fkill in 
sailivae affairs, courage, authority, and Nia ‘from all 
which Cicero recommends Pompey; (Pro » Manil, 
c. 24.) and agreeably to this method Suetonius i written 
the ie of the firft rs. 
tions of men, either good or bad, ae confidered feparately 
and apart from their peu 8 arts and {ciences, 
virtues and vices; with wh atever eife may ope 
fubje& for praife or difpraife. In difcourfes of ey kind, 
whether of praife or a the orator fhould well confi- 
{peaks, and ada an his Acai 
to his ena Ward’s s Oratory, vol. i. le 
NSTRATIVE, in Grammar, is appli ed t 0 pronouns 
which ferve — fhew, point out, or indicate a cae as, this, 
that, thofe, & 
hey are alfo called definitive, aca they define and 
limit the extent of the » or general term, to 
which they either refer, or are j 
EMONSTRATIVE Evidence. ‘See Depvuctive, and Evi- 
DENCE. 
ONT, or Demonre, in Geography, a town of 
pilewag in the department of the Sture, which formerly was 
art of Piedmont in Italy, with a caftle on the river Sture, 
se a population of Gooo individuals ; 12 miles S,W. of Coni. 
1 19’. It is the chief place of a canton in the 
diftri& of Coni. The canton has 5 communes, and 9249 
inhabitants. 
THENES, in in Bisgraply, the moft celebrated 
orator of ancient Greece, was the {on of a aL angrae citizen 
of Athens, who was t es prprear r of large iron-forges, 
and kept a number of flaves manufacturing vo blades, 
“a fine field for the ‘play of his talents ; 
DEM 
and furniture of eS kinds, by which he acquired confi- 
-J ult! 
derable wealth ; though Juvenal (I iv. fat. 10.) has unjuitly 
degraded ia ering e was a in the fourth year of the 
ggth olym . 381; and at the age of {even years he 
loft his Ae who leit him a patrimony of I 
31500, fterling.) Being of a feeble conftitution and delicate 
healt h, his fond mother would not allow bim to be enured 
to any laborious exercife, and by the unfaithfulnefs of his 
guardians, he was deprived of the means of procuring thofe 
rilhaaae in literary tuition to which his fortune entitled 
m. In his r7th year he dete-mined to devote himfelf to 
the bar, his ambition being excited, as fome fay, by hearing 
the public pleadings in an important caufe; otheis fay, that 
a Ek 
at this age he pleaded his own anaes againft his fraudulent 
guardians sth cefs. However this be, he affiduoufly 
applied to £ the art of decla mae ey and with this view 
ither becaufe the terms 
he c frequented ae pete of Ifeus, e 
lf or his finances, 
mence 
oft Liocrates were too ig 
he preferred dee energy a 
more mild and gentle i aucie of the latter, whofe {chool 
was at this time the moft famous at Athens. At the fame 
time he was an audieae of Plato, and diligently ftudied his 
works; to which circumftance he was indcbted in a great 
degree for the magnificence of his diGion. He laboured, 
however, under feveral natural infirmities and defeéts, which 
were likely to impede his progrefs in his sie and 
which he was therefore determined to overcom is voice 
was weak and ftammering, his pronunciation indifting, an 
his gefture ungraceful, In order to furmount thefe difad- 
aby, andi in walking 
up hill, with pebbles in , that he might corre&t a 
defeé&t tn his utterance ; he praGtifed at home before a mir- 
ror, and with a naked {word over his fhoulders, and alfo took 
leffons of an eminent actor, that he might check and reform 
an ungraceful motion, to whieh he was fubjed ; and by 
thefe various means, fleadily purfued, he not only overcame his 
defe€s, but acquired diftinguifhed excellence both in elocu- 
tion and action. He alfo fuperadded the ftudy of language 
and the art of compofition, without which no outwar 
gracefulnel of utterance and gefture could have enfured co 
im that f fame, which has been papel his admirable 
He does not appear to have excelled 
— 
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aad forcible eloquence, 
fo that ftrength and vehemence are the principal characterif- 
tics of his ftyle. In his addreffes to the he aflumes 
the tone of a man of virtue and patriotifm, and whilft he 
cenfures them for their follies and vices, | he inculcates inde- 
In his Olyn- 
in view was to roufe the indignation of his ae againit 
Philip of Macedon, the avowed enemy of the liberties of 
Greece ; and to guard them againft the infidious meafures 
by which that crafty prince endeavoured to lull them into 
fecurity. In the profecution of this, he adopts every 
proper method for animating a people renowned for juftice, 
humanity, and valour; but in many inftances become au 
rup 
