DENMARK. 
granted confiderable immunities to the nobility, The Dan- 
ifh monarchs were li ttle more than prefidents of a fenate 
o 
was at open war with the Hanfeatic towns. Fatious 
nobles, and arrogant priefts, mifreprefented his beft inten- 
tions, asd it is difficult to afcertain whether or to what de- 
claimed king o 
fame year the Danes rebelled n 
Il., and cailed his uncle Frederick, duke tein, to 
the throne. By flying with his wife and Aiden into the 
Netherlands, Chriflian in fome degree fanGioned the elec- 
tion. Frederick continued in the fecure poffeffion of the 
igned by the name of Frederick I. until the 
The opinions of Lu 
is e 
formally introduced before the year 1536, oe 
for Chriftian III. whofe fon Frederick II. ed by his 
able minifter, Peter Oxe, turned the attention ‘of a Danes 
towards cornmerce, regulated the Sound dues, and brought 
under his jae that portion of the rs of Holfteia, 
known by the name of Ditmars or 
Frederick i was fucceeded at hie ak 
Chriftian IV. who, in 
ftanding army io Denmar 
fifths of the county of Pinneberg, i in Holttein, he aero 
the fouthern part of the Danifh dominiors to ithe gates 
of a ; a cps oii confiderable loffes on his 
eaftern and northern frontie 
The brilliant Ge af ‘Coan Adolphus of Sweden, 
ee h 
three- 
the abilities of the generals who had the com ° 
a after this 8 great ae and the diplomatic talents of 
Oxenttierna, had given to Sweden a preponder nfluen 
in Germany. Durisg a protracted and intricate negocia- 
tions which preceded the peace of Weftphalia, Chriftian IV. 
fhewed that he was not indifferent to the ambitious views of 
ma ut unfortunately he raifed - Sound ease os 
meafure irritated tl uteh, who at that time w the 
pri 1 traders in th ltic. They agreed vith the 
Swedes to refill the payment of the new duties. Some 
Swedifh fhips were treated with uncommon [everity. This 
induced the Swedifh general Torftenfon to invade Holftein 
He A paiganiy as far as Jutland. Chriftian IV., 
— Tittle accuftom 
Gothland and Ocfel, the provinces of Jemtland and Herje- 
dalen, which had belonged to Norway, and the ceffion of 
Halland Chriftian IV. died in 1648. 
anes in the Eaft Indies, as weil as 
the Danifh joint Co a trading to Greenland and Ice- 
land, . om his reign. 
on Frederick Hil. in the ey aes which he, like 
o fign on his acceffion to 
je 
by his fon 
of affairs. The clergy and the commons groaned under 
their oppreffive meafures until inteftine divifions in 
duced Charles Guftavus, king of Sweden, to attack Den- 
mark with a 
of burg, and faithfollg 
c ihabitat of oo held out above 
en preliminaries of peace e ligne ed at Rof- 
child, in 1651, under ie mediation of Caae ell, provector 
of England. Frederick ceded the provinces af Halland, 
Blekingen, and Schonen, the ifland of Bornholm, and the 
bifhoprics of Bohus and Drontheim, in Norway, to the 
wedes. ut the ambition of the Swedifl: monareh, which 
were vahiaatly repulfed on all eons ,end a Dutch fleet al- 
moft at the fame time defeated the Swedifh lect. The gal- 
Jant {pirit of the Gwedifh hero could not brook thefe mis~- 
fortunes. Charles Guttavus died in the beginning of the 
year 1660, and Frederick III. kept os Danifh crown 
¢ s concluded = ee ii 1660, under 
tl The ifland of Born- 
holm, and the bifhopric of ae in Norway, were 
reitored to Denmark ; but Schonen, Blekingen, and Hal- 
land, were left to Sweden 
‘The ative zeal and intrepid condu& of Frederick during 
the two fieges of Copenhagen, had endeared him to his fub- 
a die s fummoned at Copen 
to eonidncton fhe: Giftrefled ftate of the king 
deputies aflembled on the 8th of September, 066. 
This Danifh diet of 1660, affords the unparalleled ex- 
ample of a free people deliberately refigning their liberty into 
the hands of a monarch whom they had hitherto controlled, 
and voluntarily granting oe aes way. To 
the ane ae clergy an ommons concurre 
the he ahtolute, Frederick himfelf 
) ae no fhare whatever in a project which in- 
m moft; but the queen was ae active in 
She brought 
chack, and 
t 
w a 
ee gen b erman, fecretary to the privy coun- 
cil, and king? 8 private fecretary, and Lenthe, likewife a Ger- 
man by birt 
The means 5 of raifing the fums neceflary for the national 
mmoners. 
This propofal was beld out as a mark of the utmoft conde- 
{cenfion, and accompanted with farcaftic refleCtions on the 
rifing influence of the commons and clergy, both of which 
arrogant infringement on their privileges. 
reffions were ufed by one of the fenato 
ment enfued, ‘The aiflembly broke up. "The friends = the 
