DERBY, 
additional liberties. By this charter the bailiffs, recorder, 
the fole return of writs, keep a quarterly feflion, two courts- 
leet, and fix annual fairs; to be toll-free throughout the 
kingdom; and receive toll from all, except the duchy of 
aes ne sll oa 
3 deter- 
in bac perion, to 
to be called 
ration now confifts of a mayor, nine aldermen, fourteen bre- 
thren, (out of whom the aldermen are eleéted) fourteen com- 
mon-council men, a recorder, a high-fteward, and a town- 
clerk. The privilege of returning members to parliament 
is poffeffed by the freemen and {worn burgeffes ; about 709 
in number. In the reign of queen Mary, a woman was 
burnt in this town for maintaining that the facrament was 
memorial or reprefentation of the body and blood of 
and that the elements were jaa bread and wine. 
ri y al 
at 
country pe ople co: ‘ bring their commodities to the 
market-place. The inhabitants, to prevent a famine, raifed 
a pile of ftones, which — the name of Headlefs-Crofs, 
in an open 1 ipace without the town. Here the market people j 
e bu nie Hee was 
con- 
ubfcription, befides 150 levied 
and maintained at the fole expence of the duke of De- 
vonfhire. 
The fituation of Derby, on the banks of the Derwent, 
renders i it, as before obferved, extremely favourable for the in- 
genious; and the facility attained by aay 
ings, figured wailtcoat-pieces, and many other articles, has 
canon contributed to the extenfion "OF this branch of bu- 
finefs. thefe mills . nage - its = being 
on brick a pav rick, 
rendered ciety nab “ Bre This 
building is ie. ftories high, 115 feet long, and 30 feet wide; 
: ors 8 erected in 1793, and was the firft fire-proof mil ever 
nilt. 
Befides the cotton faGtories, the manufaGtures moft cele- 
brated in Derby, are thofe of filk, porcelain, and orna- 
ments, &c. of Derbyfhire {par and marble. he manufac- 
ture of filk is carried on to a great extent, and the number 
of men, os children employed in it is upwards of 
k is chiefly performed by means of machines, 
er mills, of caateuze and es conftruétion. The original 
; mill cailed the fi.k-mill, of pre-eminence, being the 
Sirk and largeft of its nae ever ence in England, can on 
an ifland on the river Derwent. Its peel ig sia peu ee as 
it exemplifies the power of genius, a aft influence 
which the _ oe of an radiidval hae on the com- 
merce of ac 
fuftain the walls. Its Sire sek is 110 feet, its breadth 
39, and its height 552. It contains five ftories, befide the 
under works, and is lighted by 468 windows. In the three 
upper ftories, are the Italian winding engines, which are 
placed regularly acrofs the apartments, and furnifhed with 
many thoufand fwifts and d Sescig and engines for working 
t n the two re the {pinning Py = 
ing wit 
between twelve and thirteen feet, and their height nineteen 
feet eight inches. The {pinning mills are eight in number, 
and give motion to upwards of 25,000 reel bobbins, — 
Each 
which are connected w 
reels, bobbins, ftar-wheels, &c € 
borate machine, for one only i it is, though iftributed peer 
weavers. 
from China and Piedmont; that sau e in the form 
country is perfectly white, but the produce of the prea is 
exiftence. h 
filk thus wound upon the bobbins, is a ees twifted by 
other pa ee of the sos and is then fent to the doub- 
lers, who are chiefly women, ftationed in a detached build- 
ing, which ftands on the fame ifland, on piles like the filk- 
mill ; and though not half fo broad, is nearly thirty feet 
longer. Here Four, feven, or ten of the threads are unit- 
ed into one, according to the ufes for which they are ain 
ed; the fine kind going to the fto ea weaver; the oth 
to the manufacturers of wailtcoat-pie 
he manufacture of porcelain was originally eftablifhed at 
he Mr { 
3 bu 
effected fince his deceafe, through the judicious methods 
employed in preparing the pafte, and increafing the beauty 
of the decorations. The ware itfelf is not of equal fine- 
nefs with the French and sie : pe its workmanfhip 
and ornaments are far fuperi The p 
neral, rich and well ees F 
flux 
sbifelately await and takes oe sr 8 gleze a ee fub- 
CEs 
