DERBY. 
flance, without a particle of lead. When the pafte is duly 
prepared, by grinding and other operations, it is configned 
to the workman, whofe dexterity produc ces a variety of 
beautiful forms fon the sie a mafs delivered to him. 
Round veffels are ufually e by a man called a thrower, 
who works them on a eile: block, which moves horiz n- 
tally on a vertical _ From him they pafs to the lathe, 
ae are reduced to their proper thicknefs and form at the 
of an horizontal {pindle. Afterwards they are jinif/hed, 
oe handled if neceflary by other perfons, and are then con- 
where they remain ae the moilture 1s en- 
en th a for baking. val 
veffele, fuch as tureens, ae . aflume their form 
by being freffed into moulds of a ee or gypfum, by 
hand. The /aggars, or cafes, in which the articles are burnt, 
are various in fize a dimenfions. ‘Thefe are fet in the kila 
or oven, ove upon the other, and when a up nearly to 
the top, have fome bea e of piles of cheele. When 
the kiln is full, it is carefully clofed, and the ware baked 
by the admiffion of heat through horizontal and vertical 
flues ; this is the firt baking and the porcelain in this fate 
oe) 
g) 
about the confiftence of cream, and carried to the glaze 
kiln, where it is again baked, but in a lefs degree of heat 
than . l i ered to the painters, 
ow deli 
who, with colour prepared from mineral bodies, ornament it 
with land{capes or figures, according to the required pat- 
terns, frer this proce{s, it Is again conveyed to the kiln, 
e colours vitrified, in order to 
nts of the common porcelain, 
corations baie it neceflary for the colours to be laid on, 
in o the adtion of fire feveral times, before they ob- 
tain ae fall effeG, 
ed, are pencilled with a of oil 
gold di ffolved, or es a wn down by ticker sel by 
heat, and once more committed to the kiln; here the gold 
reaflumes folidity, but comes out with a dull farface which 
The porcelain is now ready 
e procefs requires confider- 
ene 
he ne of bifcuit figures, or white ware, is 
peculiar to this manufactory ; and the ‘saga are fuppofed to 
e equal in icone! an delicacy to an a fimilar kind 
mae Eur re the ge is of no ule, the figures 
ban all call in aa of plafter or gyplum, into which 
the materials are poured, having previoufly been reduced to 
a liquid of the confiftence and appearance of thick cream. 
e water contained in the mixture is quickly abforbed by 
the oer and the pafte becomes fufficiently hard and te- 
nacious to part freely from the mould. ae various be 
of the figur 
articles are then fent to the kiln, and after undergoing a 
Hed and continued heat, come out extremely white and 
delice 
The. original filk-mill, ereéted by Mr. Crochet, and now 
called the old fhop, was afterwards converted into a cotton 
tory, but is at prefent in the occupation of Mefirs. Brown 
and fon, who employ it for cutting ‘and polifhing ee 
avd manufacturing the Derbyfhire fluor fpar, or blue Joh 
and gypfum, into a variety of beautiful ornaments, as pny 
vafes, columns, obeliflcs » KC hinery applied to 
execute thefe purpoles is of very oa contruction 3 
and the lathes are fo eantrived, by the affliftance of a re- 
the ufe of the lathe neceffary, it is carved with a mallet and 
chiffel, into a rude re{emblance of the objeG intended to 
be produced, and being afterwards ftrongly ease toa 
plug or chock, is {crewed upon the lathe. otion: 
is then given to aa work, and a bar of fteel ear Ae feet 
long, and half an inch fquare, properly tempered, an 
pointed at each aad is applied to the fluor, on which water 
is continually dropping to keep the tool cold, preferve it 
from -friion, and enable it more readily to reduce the fub- 
ftance upon which it a€ts. As the furface — fmoothers 
the tool is applied with more freedom the motion of 
the lathe oe till the flucr has ‘flamed its deftined: 
form. 
of different ya 
bring the article to a proper ground for polithing with fine 
emery, tripoli, and putty, or calx of tin. ‘Thefe means are. 
continued till ye sa is incapable of receiving a higher de- 
will 
a 
fteadinefs given to the machiner 
rates as an effeCtual preferation from thefe 
The great eafe with w flow or ce motion can be 
produced by the ufe of ce water lathe, is alfo an additional 
advantage, and tends confiderably to increafe the elegance 
of the ornaments. e fame w . which gives motion to 
the lathes for manufaGuring the arte &c. is likewile 
c 
nothing more than thin ee of foft iron, that pene as he 
cut the marble. Thefe are fupplied with fand and water ; 
nd being moveable with fcrews, may be arranged at diffes 
rent diftances, fo that the flabs may be cut of a thicknefs. 
et of faws confilts of eat number of plates 
that the block to which they are Bald set ma 
at one proceis into as man may be thou 
The flabs thus fawn, are ee to the ne bed, 
ih has four wheels that move on a gangway with a very 
flow motion given to it by a worm andacrank. One of 
flabs being fixed on this bed, aactiee: is fattened a 
t to an arm attached to a vibrating age that works with a 
quick motion in a tranf{verfe ving The flabs ie mov- 
ing in contact with eac r, and being fupplied with: 
fand and water, foon acquire a ie furface, when finer ma-- 
terials are employed to increafe their {moothnefs, and give- 
them a higher polifh. 
Derby is divided into five pariflies, each of which has a 
church. The principal ornament of the town is All-Saints. 
church: yet, refpedlable as it is, it difplays a remarkable 
inflance of architeCtural incongruity. The tower he 
ected: 
