DIA 
grains, and the liquorice gives it an agreeable tafte, which 
children do not refufe. 
This ee la or a fimilar one, in which the watery 
emulfion of {cammony is employed, might, as we believe, be 
often cule wit mith advantage, in aang to the com 
nd powders, in which the fcammony is fimply <obbed 
with other ingredients, It is, however, entirely difufed in 
this country. 
DIAH, or here aname given by the Arabs to the 
punithment of retaliation. By the Mahometan law, a bro- 
ther, or the next relation of a murdered perfon, ought to 
take part againft the murderer, and demand hi 
he has fhed. Before the time of 
Arabs had a cuftom of putting a freeman of 
their prifoners to death, in aie of every flave they loft in 
battle, and a man for every woman that was kiiled. But 
Mahomet regulated the laws of reprifal; directing in the 
e a ur 
eonfequence of cn es eae maflacred almott all their 
hey now content themfelves with 
Farriers, a ‘ari 
ingredients . confi{ bas of, viz. ati 
niper-berries, bay-berries, myrrh, ivory-fhavings. Iti 
eiteemed a ede lomacie, a cures bites of venomous 
bealts, colds, confumpti 
N; in the nce i fia of picha the name 
of a ora oes ce into oches, of which 
violet-flowers of ne principal ingles The 
compofition is “deferibed at large by Myr 
L, or Sun-Diat, an infrument hae to meafure 
time Py means of the fhadow of the 
word is age from - oy, becaufe indicating 
the hear of t See 
The an cain alto ‘call i it anes from its doing it by 
the thadow 
Drax is more accurately defined a draught, or defcrip- 
eee of certain ae ae a nay or ace of a body g'ven, 
ntrived as t adow yle, or ray of the 
fai ‘paffed ee rough a ice therein, fhall touch certain points 
at certain ho 
The antiquity of dials is beyond doubt. Some attribute 
their invention to Anaximander, or his difciple are imenes 
and 
parallel to the equinoGial. 
the hemifpherical dial, And vl were at ae fame time 
forne {pherical ones, with a needle fora gnomon. The difcus 
of Ariftarchus was an horizontal dial, vita its as raifed up 
fir eichi ing too far. 
Romans became acquainted 
there is no mention 
rifing and ferting : 
temple of Quirinus, but it was imperfe&t; about thirty 
years after, as Pliny informs us, on nr authority of Varro, 
M. Valerius Meffala being conful, brovght from = in 
Sicily another ay which he fet up on a pillar near the 
fo 
roftram; but for want of its being made for hae lati- 
tude, it could not - out the hours with exadnefs. 
hey, hoe ceee, fade ufe of it ninety-nine years; till the 
cenfor Maccies Philippus = up another more accurate, and 
DIA 
eonftrudted for the tee of Rome, near that of esis 
n that inter ae dials became common at Rome, as appears 
fom a fragment of Plautus, eee by Aulus adi S 
It is an cures parafite that {pea 
“ Ut illum dii perdant, qui primus horas reperit, 
uique adeo primus hic ftatuit folarium, 
Qui mihi eit mifero articulatim diem 
Itaque adeo jam oppletum eft oppidum folariis, 
Major pars populi aridi reptant fame.” 
However, as a fun-dial did not ferve in cloudy weather, 
ae Nalica, five years after, remedied this Bar ae by in- 
troducing a method of sneer the night as v s the day 
into hours, by means of a water-machine, or pee ee! 
fee); called by Pliny an ee 
But there feem to have been dials among the Jews much 
earlier than any of thefe, Witnefs the dial of Ahaz, who 
uate years Hphale 
mentioned by Iaiah, cha a XXXVI 
The ancient Bening feem to cae been acquainted with 
this inftrument, and to have applied it to aftronomical pure 
pofes. The Chinefe and Egyptians were alfo acquainted 
m 
the Jews derived it before the time of Ahaz. 
traces the ap leas . the art of dialling among the 
Greeks to the fam 
The diverfity ae an ai arifes ae the di — fituation 
of the planes, and the different figure of the furfaces wher 
they are defcribed; whence they become pain: 
equinoGial, horizontal, vertical, polar, dire&t, ere&, declin- 
ing, inclining, reclining, cylindrical, &c. For the general 
principles of their conftruétien, fee Diauiinc. See alfo 
Gnomonic PaoyECTION 
Dials are fometimes didtupuithed into primary and fecone 
dary. 
Diaus, primary, are thofe either drawn on the plane of 
the horizon, called horizontal dials; or, a 
thereto,.on the pian aan of the meridian, or prime verti- 
cal, calle vertical dials: to which number are alfo ufually 
added, thofe drawn on the olar and equinoétial planes, 
though and horizontal, nor vertical. 
Dia, eguinoétial, is that defcribed on an equinc tial 
plane, or a plane reprefenting that of the equino@tia 
pa ne oblique to the horizon, either hangs over to. 
wards it, and makes an acute angle with the plane of the 
ae ‘or it falls off backwards from it, and makes an ob- 
t a dial drawn thereon, is dees 
an equino : 
ie ounse al dials are ufually diftinguifhed into upper, 
which look towards the zenith; and lower, which refpe& 
the — 
the fun only ae the upper furface of an 
eo plane, while he r hemifphere, or on the 
northern fide of the ante, an Bnet equinoGtial dial will 
only fhew a hour, during ‘the {pring and fummer feafon. 
as the fun only illumines the lower furface of 
an quail sie elile he is in the fouthern hemifphere, 
oF 
