DIAMOND. 
wis 
in Cara 
40. ee de ooo) 2189 rofe dia. 
Eftablithed Value 
in Livres, 
rnon 400 329\075 
qi. Dianend buttons, ioreextbolliante 112 Bx 
{maller do. ree agp e* 
42. Sundry other eumone of va- 
rious qualities - 315,000 
The principal ufe of diamond is in ornamental jewel- 
 Tery: it is alfo employed by glaziers for cutting glafs; by 
lapidaries for cutting and Sel upon the hardeft gems, 
and in the finer kinds of clock-wo 
India extend 
throughout the whole ciaie of he ny from Bengal to 
‘cape Comorin: many of thefe, however, are at prefent 
ed 
tween Golconda and Mafulipatam. 
them being dug up and broken to baa is carefully 
till the water comes off colourlefs; the r 
thin on mats in the fun, and the Sains are difcovered by 
their faperior brilliancy. ‘This valuable gem is alfo found 
n the mountainous diftri& called Serro do 
a, and are contained in alluvial beds of ferruginous fand. 
monds have been found in the Eaft Indies, principally 
in fie acm of Golconda, Vifapour, Bengal, and the 
ifland of Borneo, There 
are, I 
rom 
It cee been 
ys 
It thould rather be called that of Goual, which 
is the name of the river, in the fand whereof thefe Ronee are 
found, Laftly, the fourth mine, or rather the fecond river, 
ts that of Succudan, inthe ifland of Borneo. Thereare aifo 
the famous ‘diamond mine of pundelcund, at Panna, or Purna, 
near Gandicotta, on the fouth bank of the Pennar river. 
IAMOND-mine of Raolconda.—In the neighbourhood of 
this mine the earth is fandy, and full of rocks and copfe: in 
thefe rocks are = feveral little veins, of half, and 
sear ae a whole inch broad, out of which the miners, with 
a kind of hooked irons, draw the fand, or earth, wherein 
vel 
ftones : 
tching oes when 
ah are not obferved, and twallowin ade 
MOND-mine of Gani, or Colo ani sli mine are 
foun a great number of donee, fron ten to forty carats, 
n Brazil: the diamonds of this latter country. 
and it- was there that the famous diamond 
enue os us 
s of this 
n more ; 
si eter the great mogul, which, 
weighed 793 eas was found. The fton 
are not very clea 
and 
r; their water is ufually tinged with he 
quality of the foil being biack, where that is marfhy 5 red, 
where it partak of “ and fometimes green and yeiow, 
hofe coloars. Anothe 
if the ground happen to be o 
defe&, of fome confequence isa kind of ea es appearing 
on thefe diamonds, when which takes off par their 
There are afealy no lefe than fixty pentend pers 
fons, men, women, and children, at work in this mine. 
When the miners have found a place where they intend 
to dig, they level another, fomewhat bigger, in the neigh- 
bourhood thereof, and enclofe it with walls about two feet 
high, only leaving apertures, from {pac i 
workmen, to encourage them, every one goest 
the men digging the earth in "the place fir difcovered, ank 
the women and child 
corn in Europe; then they thrath it, and fift it afreth ; 
and, laftly, they fearch it well with the hands, to find the 
Giemaud. The k naked here, as in the mineof Raol- 
conda, and are ier after the like manner, by infpectors. 
Diamonp-mine of Sumbulpour, or river Goual. -Sumbul- 
pour is a large town buiit all of earth, and covered with 
branches of cacao-tree: the river Goual runs by the foot 
thereof, in its paffing from the high mountains, towards the 
fouth to the Ganges, where it lofes its name. It is fronr 
this river that are brought all our fine diamond-points, or 
{parks, called natural fparks. They never begin to feck for 
diamonds in this river till after the great rains are over, that 
is, after the month of December; and they ufually even 
wait till the water is grown clear, which is not before 
: thefeafon at hand, eight or ten thoufand perfons, 
place round with ftones, earth, and fafcines : g 
ont the water, dig about two feet deep: the fand, thus got, 
is carried into a place walled round on the bank of the 
river. The reft is performed after the fame manner as at 
Colore, and the workmen are watched with equal ftri€inefs. 
Diamonp-mine in the iffand of Borneo, or river of Succudat., 
We are but little acquainted with this mine; the prince 
who reigns in that part of the ifland not allowing ftrangers 
to have any commerce in thefe ftones : though there are very 
fine ones to be bought at Batavia, brought thither by - 
ftealth. They were anciently imagined to be fofter than 
thofe of the other mines; but experience fhews, they 
are in no ref{peét inferior to them. 
nd mines were difcovered about the year 1728, in 
the Bail belonging to the king of Portugal, who, in the 
year 1740, letthem toa company at Rio faneiro, for acertain 
anyon annual rent, which i Le faid to be. 430,000 crufades,y 
4 on 
