rp 
CON 
lage lands are expofed in times of rain, is, he fuppofes, com» 
pletely fufpended, and the wate pect ws away limpid. While 
the ground-continues cover ered with a clofe turf, the root- 
leaves of the herbage {preading over the furface, abforb and 
igeft the carbonic acid of the a tmofphere, a nd perhaps, 
alfo, earthy particles which proba Re float continually in the 
As thofe leaves are {mothered and de- 
milk a co 
horizontal lage aie cere the eee Oo 
mulates on the furface. On 
to more than ‘thic fome flat es, lying in a 
damp. place, at the few of a northerly declivity under fome 
trees. It feemed to have commenced with the growth of 
fome of the fmaller mai and alge. On this ground the 
a had cakeu root, and formed a 
he fubje€ted a pound of it 
ura on aniron fhov se 
as a 
os is Tears grea 
ss [t is true, he obferves, a fome foils by long ying at 
relt, condenfe fo much as to incommode the of the 
graffes, and on others the moffes prevail fo mu ie as a over= 
* eome the efculent ae but a ferlity ye Ha foil is not 
y fufpend ded, 
pen and mixed wit 
mented. ence the hel crops are plenti 
large and plump—and the produce of one year equal to twa 
or more on land wearied out by perpetual turnin 
faid, that he means to undervalue the operation of the plough. 
But, ra we are ftudying in what mauner the fertility of the 
e€oun y be preferved and improved, and the greateft 
try m 
quantity of ldlpoteble produce obtained at oe leaft_ poffible 
expence, it is neceffary to examine how all thofe aids which 
ature offers may -be made to co-operate with the artificial 
means of agricultural improvement, and not blindly expe 
from mec’anical labour, more than it.can poffibly produce, 
When. barren foils are to be poner from a. wild ftate,. it 
Meta a- os | it was reduced | 
. prietor, to fome other perfon. 
CON 
is by mechanical labours. only that their obftinacy can be 
{ubdued, and the different ingredients properly blended. 
The turf of old grafs ground will frequently require a good 
deal of mechanical operation to mix it with the earths, and 
facilitate its putrefaction. But when thefe, and fuch other 
aids as mechanical labopr is adapted to accomplifh, are ob- — 
tained, that medium of confiftence en which fertility apesd 
will be beft preferved by alternate fucceflions of labour and 
reft. The proportion and order of thofe fucceffions muft ro 
doubt vary gr we according to circumflances. 
where the foil is deep and of the moft favourable conftruc- 
tion, and w here ‘adventitions manure is oe et ad 
manure lef{s ab 
always tobe i 
the foil will . benefited me being occafionally at reft, provided 
é it down unex xhaufted, f free of weeds, 
return of ee when they come in courfe to be laid to reft. 
‘When groundis brought to yield abundance of {weet grafs it 
is profitable. in pafture, and while it continues {> is ftill im- 
proving in fertility, and becomes. more and more adapted to 
yield plentiful tillage crops. ‘I'hus under good management, 
the fertility of the country may progreflively advance, = 
the difpofable quantity of provifions for the ufe of the c 
fumer, and the net return to the hufbandman, perhaps, 
ceed what the operofe and expenfive fyftem of perpetual fal. 
lowing, and crops without reft, could produce 
“ a hufbandry is not lefs faperior to perpetual 
gra Land which lies perpetually in grafs, is deprived of 
the advantage of having oes vegetable fubltance accumulating 
on the furface from time to time mixed into the 
the working of moles, aire and other vermin, by the cons 
denfation of the foil, by the prevalence of moffes and ufelefs 
weeds, the turf is deformed and.the reproduction .of {weet 
pafture diminifhed. r is frequently detained on the 
{urface, and chills the growth of efculent herbage, and thus 
the growth becomes more feeble and flow. In proportion to 
the og of efculent herbage, plants which are noxious or 
unprofitable prevail ; the paiture becomes gradually lefs, and 
the fertility of the foil is almoft ufelefs to the owner and to 
fociety, while it remains in that ftate. 
he practice of this hufbandry mu wt of gourfe in many in- 
ryan we highly profitable tothe cultivator. See Tintace: 
an 
CONVEX, bending down on every fide, as the outfide 
of a esa! ody. 
NVEX freeze, leaf, lens, mirror, Super ficiess 
foal fubltantives 
> NV 
See the. 
TY, the at furfece of a convex, i.e. 
nd sous thing ; ia eppofition to ea: or 
n hollow of depreffed. 
is cf qacaaet impert in catoptrics, and a 
trics ; ee it is applied to m#rrors and a which fees 
See alfo Rerraction. 
CONVEYANCE, in Law, a deed, or inftrument, by, 
which lands, &e. are conveyed, or transferred, by the pro- 
In the. difcuffion of ie 
fubje&, it is proper to inquire who may thus aliene and t 
whom.3 and then ow aman may aliene, or the feveral modes 
of 
