DIO 
of feveral provinces joined is doped ag the = an: 
or, ca'led Di 
IOECIA, in Botany, (From Me, “louble, and omix, a ‘a bonfe,) 
the 22d clafs of the fexual, or artificial fyftem of Linneus, 
containing fuch plants as have barren, or male, flowers 
on one individual, and fertile, or female, ones on another of 
able only when flow 
of their raéture, befides aie - ntizl diffe 
o become u nited, 
» in the acceflory 
e bloffoms, is much more prevalent in the clafs 
arren and fertile flowers grow on the 
. ame plant, like aa Oak, = aa the Walnut, &c., than 
n the Disecia. m. Introd. to Botany, 470. 
The Orders of “his clats are area but ‘ea in pa 
work laft cited, though Linneus makes them much m 
numerous. They are diftinguifhed by the number or con- 
nection of the ens, and are called, 41 rant 
2. Diandria, (of which Salix, the Willow, is an exa s) 
2 — 4. Tetrandria, 5. Pentandria, ( containing the 
Hop, iftacia-nut, and fome others, ) xan he 
4. Polya a (comprifing ail dioecious plants with cgi 
more acd, and 8. Monadelphia, in which the Alsments 
Pica united ; of this laft the Fir, Yew, and Juniper, are in- 
ances. 
DIOGENES, in Biography, a famous philofopher of the 
Cynic fee, was born in the 3d year of the grit Olympiad, 
B.C. 414, at Sinope, a city of Pontus. His father was a 
banker, who, being convicted of debafing the public coin, 
was obliged to Jeave his country. This circumfance occa- 
oned the removal of his fon to Athens, where he offered 
ur, refu t him 
licence. the fal Bhilofopher | ie up 
him Diogenes faid; * Beat me if you 
pleate ; I wilt be ae: fchx olan.” Antifthenes, at length, 
received him; and he became his intimate companion and 
frend. Having thus chofen his mafter, he adopted his 
his ftaff to repulfe 
f 
Cnet: for his daity bread. Di coed obtaining 
a cell as foon as he expcet-d, he is (aid to have taken up h 
abode in a tub, or large open veff-l, in th os Mave! 
This tub, which was aad not a fettled rides, but a 
temporary expriffion of indignation and ai is cele- 
brated by Juvenal, (Sat. xiv. ve 308.) 
re Dolia nudi, &c.”’ 
& Safe in his tub, the naked Cynic lives 
“cailefs of fire: break up his houfe; next day 
rings him a new one, or repairs the old.” 
This tub is ridiculed by Lucian (De Scrib. Hitt.) and mene 
tioned by Seneca (Ep. go.) ; but no notice is taken of this 
i é ther ancient writers who have mentioned 
this a a not even by Epi€tetus, who (Ap. Arr. 
- itl a: clates feveral particulars of his life. 
hether this eee hiftory be true or not, there is no 
doubt of his having pradtifed the moft hardy felf-controul, 
and the molt rigid. abftinence, his aes a e 
Ppor 
priacip! = vhich he had adopted, - the ane be fat. 
Vou 
DIO 
cain he teprehended the yaaa and oe thofe 
er ranks, with great free and ter ron Hi 
vaproofe, eee 
Ingenuity, as fo e€ 
were direted. He uniformly inculcated pa- 
rand pain, frugality, temperance, and an en- 
But though his ngid cifcipline 
d acmiration, it 
fubjecie . him to contempt and indignity from others, 
ut to one and the other he sade Filner ee ferent, 
and eee on all occafions a perfe@ fe 
logenes, in his o ages ig faid t 
re 
0 ave fail to the 
ifland of /égina; and having met aie pirates, he was car 
ried into Crete, and expofed to public fale. “Bane afked 
at he could do? he replied, “ n govern men, a 
perio fell me to one who wants a4 matter :’? Xeniades, a 
wealthy Corinthian, being flruck by this sgular reply, 
purchafed him; upon which Diogenes told him, “1 fhali 
be more ufeful tu you as your phyfician, than as your flave.”? 
dren, and the 
Xeniades had fo m 
ae ans fidelity, he ufed 
nius to his houfe. He accuftome 
ce dileipline of the Cynic feét, and took greater pains to 
inure them to habits of felf-commznd, than to inftru@ them 
ir 
ntentious maxim 
moderate ufe of athletic exer cis and hunting. The y 
men, pleafed with their aed eek treated_him with pea 
to their pa his refi- 
Here he appeared under the character 
of a cenfor, feverely lafhing the follies of the times, og 
inculcating rigid leffons of fobriety and virtue. At on 
thefe affembiies the conference between Alexander ne 
Great and Diogenes is faidto have happened. Plutarch re- 
lex ander received the co Beye erie 
Alexander exprefled his furprife at this 
ircumftance. ifhing to gratify his curiofity by the fight 
of fuch a philofopher as Diogenes, he vilited the Craneum, 
where he found the pit lofopher fitting in his tub in the fun. 
The king came u> to him in the crowd, and faid, * I] am 
r the mel to which Diogenss hs aa 7 a 
furly tone, ‘and I am Diogenes the Cynic.’’ Alex 
requetting to pnw if ic ae sare vie ee a es Te. 
© Yes,” ** do not 
n7? Alexa i 
Ai this reply, faid to his friends, «J ndcr, 
I would be Diogenes.”” ‘here are feveral circumftances in 
this narrative, which er fome doubts as ey its truth ; 
it is not improbable that Diogenes, who, at the e begin- 
of the t1rith Olympiad, when ‘Alexcader held - 
a aflembly of the Greeks, was upwards of 70 year 
old, might often appear in the public i of Corinth, aid 
that Alexander, indulg fity to fee a man of his 
gular chara@ter, might put himfelf in his way: nor is 
unlikely, that the furly Cynic ee nifeft bis contempt 
me kind of rudeneis, 
elate d 
As far as we can depend on the reprefentations of the an- 
4Q- cients, 
