DIPPING. 
‘method of dipping, which we are indebted to the ca- 
ea of Lon 
This improvement, eile confidered with reference to 
the particular ftyle of work, of which we are now treating, 
er its application to 
moft important that has 
eippiag the i in clear ine water before hey. are entered 
in the blue va 
If the fie becomes uniformly wet igs a and 
ftreaks or pat atches ite, 1 
ie , however, alter remaining r fix minutes in 
the vat, there are parts i 
out and examined. All thofe pieces which, after two, or, 
at moft, three immerfions, ftill refufe admiffion to the lime- 
water, are rejeCted as unt for dipping, and the pafte being 
removed by fouring, are appropriated to fome other courfe 
of work to which they are better adapte 
The vat for pale blues is, in gener ral, the fame as for the 
dark grounds, care being taken o fele& one that will give 
the fhade of blue required. It is ufual to employ the old 
and nearly exhaufted vats for this purpofe, but the blue is 
never fo bright and a as ae frefh indigo, ae that of 
the fineft clare is emplo 
he 8 gre a pee wed by fouring, a neceffary 
pene, i a e goods from the pafte, and ftill fur- 
ther, by winching hon in a folution of white foap ro or 
15 rg -at a heat of i20°. 
ts man obferves, that if the goods are plunged 
in ae weak olution of fulphuric acid immediately on coming 
out of the vat, the blue is more lively and full than when 
previouly rinfed and wafhed. 
“haptal employs for pale blue grounds without 
white, and for green grounds aifo, a vat oe ed of in- 
digo, potafh, lime, and orpiment. This folut 
the fame preaifely as the pencil-blue of the calicowprinters 
affords a muc 
more delicate colour than that with lime and 
copperas, the caufe of which is not clearly underftood, 
though it moft probably arifes from the oie degrees of 
aia is Aa ious by the two fubfta 
ne orm nee fine e Spanifh in- 
dic ie: and 5lbs. of 
° 8. €. 
When worked, it muft be ae up well the inftant bce 
is ine ae ie n exhaufted, refrefhed with 
the fart rame 
additions of the fame folut 
ood w ) 
the following procefs may A becoye with fuccefs, though 
it is ftill capable of further impro 
repare a pafte by diffolving ales fe falphate ie a al 
allon - ie of alumine, or alu- 
8, add . “ab. of 
nrons sad, ai Bibs. ore 
through a fine cloth, and ae old, 
k is true a he cafe as 1 
Should be, shelly a te furface of the “doth. Dip fix jr 
the fhade required i 
fhould be withdrawn - os 
ated therein till the green ae es 
When wafhed me Buved, e work has fucceeded, 
the white will be clear and prominent, and the blue the 
fineft that can be produced on cloth. Ir is _ 
that a ftrong vat produces ria whites than a wea 
on this account care muft be taken, that the folution be. of 
ao} 
ao] 
0 
- 
= 
ny 
om 
3 
Bie 
- 
Loa 
when dipped n this wil pro a brown fain, a ond if 
the cloth is vor ened any it, ely ruin the 
blue 
In dipping pale blue grounds, it is fometimes neceflary 
to proce€t colours that have been previoufly applied, from 
the effc& of the blue, as red or yellow flowers for example, 
a céted to. 
he referve moft commonly Seer is fimply a pafte of 
pipeey or aly nifh _ boiled t rea confiftence 
and mixed an equal conde of thick gum-water. 
This aoe not of - colours upon aes it 18 id oe 
and is eafily remove d by hot water and wafhing ; but as it 
t it becomes it will n ra dip of 
more than one minute or ; inconvenience of 
great magnitude, when the pale blue ground is much ex- 
e h 
mmended and ufed, oT fome, as capable of refilling mee 
iaigee than the form 
One pound of Gad ground pipe-clay, 
Four ounces of gum-arab 
=) 
ne 
Boil all ae foe dieats together, in as ed water as will 
form a pafte of f fufficient confiftence not to run his paft 
without any injury to the reds, or other colours it has 
covere 
The folutions of lead poffefs the property, though in a 
much f{maller degree than copper, of refifting the indigo 
vat, and may be ufed with advantage for pafting reds and 
water, add two ounces of t 
refin, and as much pipe- aie ine nd gum as will make it of 
a proper thicknefs for ae or oe This pafte 
will refift a dip of three or four utes » however, 
be Jaid on in oo bodies, and fucceeds a with the pen- 
cil than blo 
In pale blue grounds, with black and white figures, &c, 
it is often necelary to print both the black and the pate 
at 
