GUN 
wolefs than 
éfcapes and is loft. And as 
that fize, it frequently veaie that half the pow der is loft 
by unneceff windage. 
a Bt appears that the refitting force of wood, to balls 
fired into it, is not conftant. And that the depths -pene- 
trated by different velocities or charges, are nearly as the 
logarithms of the charges, inftead of being as the charges 
posi or, which is the fame thing, as the fquare of the 
 &y, Thete, and moft other experiments, thew that balls 
are greatly deflected from the — they are projected 
in; and that fo much as 300 or o yards in a range of a 
» or ancl one-fourth = Sus range, which is nearly a 
r 
which. may be as we 
The ai author ‘has 
order to obtain the velocity 
zh thofe foes of air. 
to planes and figures 
thei yen in .all varieties of 
“ep veral experiments iiathas to thofe of 
rind et bullets only were employed, 
— and ae - figure by the explofion of the 
snacciirate, and oe refults 
a: Quy 
a ball from the recoil of the pendulous gun itfelf. Mr. 
bins had remarked that the effe& of the ex 
upon the recoil of the gun is the fame, 
ie with a aba, or have no char, rge 
The inference, tlaag count Rumford, is obvious, wiz. that 
the momentum thus communicated to the g 
po being equal to the momentum of the ball, aa be- 
s known; and therefore being divided by the .known 
sick of the ball, the quotient will be its velocity. The 
celebrated M. Euler has added many excellent differta- 
tions on. the fubjedt: of rag in his tranflation of Mr. 
Rokins’ s Gunnery into 
has been fi 
oving Cannon,”’ Acad, 
Sc. 1755) 17593 Vandel on tle | “Force of Steam in 
Gunpowder,”? Com iv. e on. the 
“ Elattic Fluids aed from Ranpen tes re Ms ete 
1. ti, ; Cafali on the Force f Powder, 3 
Borda on * Projectiles,” Ac. Sc. 1769 ; Sipps in ¢¢ it Sele 
Exercifes ;”” Gray on “ Gunnery ;’’ Glenie’s “ Hiftory of 
Gunnery ; ;” count Rumford, ubi fupra, &c. &c. &e. ; and, 
more particularly, Hutton in his “ Pcie Phil Tranf. 
for 1778, Edin. Phil. Tranf. ¥. li. 
GUNNING, nag eke in ee an Englith prelate, 
He received 
» was born.at Hawt in Kent, in the year 1613. 
. the early pe of his aaa at the free-fchool in Canter- 
bury, whence, at the age of fiftcen, he was fent to Chars 
Hall, in the opie of Cambridge. He was ele&ted t 
a fellowlh.p in 1633, and having taken his degree of M. A, 
he entered orders and was as: ointed to the cure of Little 
St. Mary’s at Cambri 
nation of the parliamentary party, who fubjeéted him to 
ort imprifonment, and then ordered him to his college, 
: eho he was defired to fubfcribe “ the Covenant.’ This * 
he refufed with indignation, and was accordingl jeCted 
from the fellowfhip; when he determined to withdraw to 
Oxford, where, at that time, the king held his court. He . 
had, however, a cape not eafily daunted, and he 
left Cambridge, ia conjunction with ow and Ward, 
afterwards bilhops ip St. aph sa Salifbury, he drew up 
a — rer againit the Covenant,’? which was after- 
wards p On his arrival at Oxford, he was a 
duties . which he yo tnetee for two years, though’ not 
ut ‘frequent interruptions and satiate from parties:of 
die ela belonging to the parliame ons. «He 
was fometimes eo on to preach before J she king, and for 
rliament, a! as private tutor to 
pher, Ic eae nw wd then-to fk fir Francis Compton. 
pe eaten iene and 
“re pro vod 
