GUN 
reproved by Cromwell. He would alfo, on the week days, 
look out for feGtaries, and difpute with them openly in their 
Ch harles - 
inds” in 
ions. After the refloration of kin 
his honour, that he voluntarily fettled on the ejected matter 
a handfome annuity for life. In the year 1669, he was 
— to the fee of Chichefter, and in this fituation he 
s very zealous in enforcing the laws for conformity ; on 
Some occafions ie would perfonally break up the meetings 
h when n on-conformitts 
x fe a sabe 
the real and the awd h. 
his own houfe, continuing alon 
an active fu 
firit ye 
he 
oie and a bountiful benefagtor till his 
betes in 1684, when he wasin the feventy- 
it of his a He was author of many publications 
whi carcely remem He was a —— 
= eee was not afhamed —- and to juiftify his 
wl they wee hie ecution, he there- 
sre merited the honours and preferment which he tier 
after the reftoration. He was much 
i meta age His be feuds was 
exercifed | ich he granted for the fupport 
of poor fcholere 4 at the univerfities, and in endowmeuts for 
t of his fees, the relief of the indigent and 
doe 3; and at his death, ‘he left the bulk victaae property 
for the augmentation of poor vicarages. 
: GUNNY, a ight, | is 4 cwt. or 84lb. of « cinnamon ; or 
> etre re. 
" GUNNISPOUR, i in G by, a town of Bengal; 30 
Pek ee gals 3 
un 
GUNOLDS Frorp, a bay on the E; coaft of Iceland, 
N. lat. 65° 50. 
+ GUNONG-TELLU, or Toxirse, a e bay inthe 
E. coatt of the — of Celebes, n 2180 -s long from 
E.to W. from 50° It contains feveral 
pg eee Entranee S. lat. 6° 12'. E. 124°. 
' GUNPOWDER, a compofition of nitre, ulphur, and 
eharcoal, nixed maar es and ufually granulated, which 
eafily takes fire, and, when fred, rarefes, or expands, with 
eat vehemence, by means. of its elaftic force. 
“It is te this: we owe all the action and effedt. of 
gums, | ordnance, ‘&e. fo that the modern | Paty: for- 
tification, &c. almoft wholly wu: 
rane he bern ely rere ha Bi or nitre is 
ofition of gunpowder; which 
Gade ore te Be gunty = "thes toenbockabsd: 
os and 
ip he in 
GUN 
This, however, is an expenfive article ; and it 
with the inconvenience of taking fire and sah bron 
a very {mall of heat, and even without the aid of a 
. Some marred have propofed to helene Bes for nitre 
the oxymuriat of pot-afh, and it has been: found. from ex- 
periments, fufficiently decitive, that gunpowder thus made 
exceeds with ref; to. te. ee oy of -explofion the common 
powder. But ox s act. differently from. mixtures 
with nitre ; they exert  docit power fuddenly and in a: 
fo as to be very deftructive 5 = in projectile 
*hefe: have alfo = 
perions, 
gun te 
“ a papi ae is 
wde r, as the.ot 
two ingredients, 3» but at ferves to 
diffe ife the fire inftantaneoufly through i whole mafs «of 
advantage, oe ver, of ufing nite feemsy 
in France, - applicable 
creafing the force of . eahtéger: nak to fmall.c ; but 
in quantities of fome ounces, the explofive, or at the 
projecting, force o pewdet without Eeighios is as toniitietr 
able as 1t is with it 
_ The inventi 
tion of gunp lien 3 is eteriaell, by Polydr 
Virgil, to a petit who accidentally put - this 
tion ina mortar, and covered it witha ihone, ‘when 
tholdus ahaa or the - ’ 
fay, about the year 1320; and the firit-ufe of it is afcribed 
to the Venetians in the-year 1380, during the war with the 
Genoefe ; and it is faid te 5 a been. fir employed in a mea 
anciently. called Foffa Clodia, now Chioggia, againft Laue 
rence de Medicis ; and that all italy: mage complaint again 
a manifeft contravention of fair warfare. 
. But what conthadiGts this aceouty and fhews cunpowde 
to be of an older era, is,, that P ifecoperss 3 his Vi 
Readings, mentions that se Month pert se pe 
by co Sn rg XI. king of Cattile, or teherged a fort of iron 
which made a noife like thunder 5 which 
. az 
it, as 
i 
the Moorith king of Seville, above four 
years ago, th fT ron tubs 
wherewith: they t threw: thunder-bolts.of fires | 
in the cregilters of. the chambers of accounts in - France Ll 
om 
before. Schwartz was” hoes 
as the year 133 Be 
cFarther, irappiac-sietione Roger Bacon. Mies 
a ee hundred years:be 
0: ‘ha, eieien is 
aedienie were. explained dnvaMSi oe ee 
