HERAT. =~ 
The mean of all thefe is 6150", From this Mr, Dalton 
on cludes the zero to be about 6000° below the temperature © 
of freezing water; but he allows that the differences in 
thefe refults, though much lefs than had been made before, 
are ftill fuch as to throw fome doubt upon the conclufion, 
cote” 5 
liberated or detached during combuftion, forms an important 
fubject with his ufual ingenuity, and without the aid of the 
calorimeter, the refults of whic iven in his Effay on 
Animal Heat and Combuttion, ” 
has added fomething 
this fubje&t, we muft refer to the works above mentioned, } 
The following are the refults obtained by the different‘ 
authors, ’ 
Accoding to According to 
: Lavoifier. Crawford, 
1 Ib. of hydrogen, by combulftion, melts 295 Ibs.-ice. 480 Ibs. ice, 
ee wes ) — =e 
charcoal — ,.96.5 ——-. 69 _——. : 
bak at oo i ES Soe caer sea SF eee 
oil 148 ——— 89 — = 
Dalton’s Refults on Combuttion are asifollow. | . 
1 Yb. hydrogen _takes 7 Ibs. oxygen; produce. 8 lbs. water; melts 320 Ibs. ice. | 
—— carbur. hyd. —— 4.— = 5 +— wat. and ¢ar acide) \———. 85. —. 
“oot OleSant gas ——— 35 — ——— 245, a * (sere oe 
—— carb. oxyd ~~ 1.58 — ——Q o—— 11.58 — carb.acid. . ~| —— 25 — — 4) 
‘ * t 
aoe t ss. “ho — wat.-and car.-acid. — 14 — — | 
— oil of turp. oe <i aos socay = eee Rt _ : ce ee ey fo i 
os alcohol — ee SSe ee —_—_ oor Or os puacet o 58 oon eee 
—— ether — 3~=— —. 4 — -~ | —— 6— — | 
—— phofphoruas —— 1.5. — ——— , 2.5 — phof, acid. — b— - | 
—— charcoal — 23 — —— —— 3.8 — carb. acid. —- 40— — |. 
oo fulphur _—— — — fulphurous acid - — 2- —— 
oc phor = —— ——— —— — — — wat.and car. acid. ——- 7O- = 
caoutchoue —— —— .— ~~ — « — — —$_ «#2 — — | 
buftion of Ib. of charcoal, and perhaps alfo of pitcoal, is 
water trom the freezing to the boiling temperature, or it is 
fuffici into fteam. 
Expansion. We have t iven the expanfion of 
folids, of liquids, and of aeriform fluids by heat, from which 
appears. that i ‘thermometer be deemed an 
accurate meafure of temperature, there 
is lage 
prcips sftée' ex panfion of folids ; they are believed to expand 
nearly ina uniform manner. De Luc has thewn that liquids 
expand increafingly with the temperature. y Luffac 
ends that air expands uni ormly, or in arithmetical pro 
1 with but in this 
greffion with the temperature from 32° to 212°; 
refpe& he is op bite every one.elfe. Dalton maintains 
at 
water, is in » hot to the temperature, but to the 
{quare of the temperature reckoned from the freezing point, 
or rather the point of maximum denfity of the liquids ; con- 
fequently he concludes the common equal divilion of the 
thermometer to be erroneous. He. afferts that a 
meter of water a graduated upon the 
nd one of mercury, 
above principle, will agree ae other; alfo that the 
given out by the com-_ 
raife 45 or solbs.. of ft 
congelation takes place. 
on of pure liquids, fuch as mercury and A 
3. ee a 
been lately believed, and that it expands equally by the 
4 ‘oi of re, from that point till 
ALORIMETER Was the name given to an inftrument_in- 
vented by Lavoifier and La Place, and deferibed in the ba 
ments of Chemiftry of the former, and in the Memoirs 0 
Academy for 1780. The calorimeter is reprefented in ng 
6. of the Elements (tranflated by Kerr). It is — = 
perfpective at fg.1, and its interior ftructure is en fess 
Jigs. 2 and 3, ‘the former being a horizontal and the latter 
a. perpendicular fection. Its capacity or cavity 18 
| oe parts, which, for better diftin@tion, may be named 
cavity FF ff; fig. 45 into which the fubstances fubmitted to 
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