HEMORRHAGE. 
aGtion of the arteries, yet Dr. Jones does him the juftice to 
acknowledge that this does not affe& the truth of his general 
conclufion, that the change produced ona divided artery, 
ntributes, with the coagulum, to ftop the flow 
lood. 
e 0 as of Morand was site that which Mr. Samuel 
Sharp maintained, d-veflels, immediately upon 
their divifion, bleed freely, and continue bleeding, till they 
are either lopped by. art, or, at length contracting and with- 
drawing themielves into the wound, their extremities are 
fhut up by the coagulated blood.’ Operations of Surgery, 
edit. 2, 3 
. Jones obferves that this explanation is true as far as 
it goes ; but not fufficiently comprehenfive. 
Poutean denied that a coagulum is always to be found 
after the divifion of an art ery ; and when it is, he thought 
that it ms Nie be confidered as a feeble and fubfidiary 
means to e fuppreflion of hemorrhage. He con- 
tended ar: the eS of the artery had not been demon- 
firated, and that, at any rate, it was not niore effectual than 
the coagulum. His theory was, that a {welling of the 
cellular membrane, at the circumference of the cut extre- 
mity of the artery, forms the principal im — to the 
flow of blood ; and that the pes al of a ligature to an 
artery Is ufeful - personae a more immediate a si a 
induration of the cellular fubftance. 
Mr. Gooch oppofed. the peril of Petit, concerning 
the effect which the coagulum had in the fuppreffion of he- 
amorrhage; in deliveri ring his own ‘theory, he -intermingles 
fome of Poutean’s notions with his own. In the firft vo- 
Pk of his furgery, he fays: ‘(when a fmall artery ina 
limb, or any external part of the body, is totally divided, 
its retraction may bring it under the furrounding parts, and 
with the natural contraétion of the diameter of its mouth, 
fted by the compreffive power of thofe e€ parts, iniereafed 
Be Bee growing | tumid, the efflux of blood mati be ftop- 
Fe 
“White, and Aikin confidered the —— of 
Kirkland quite adaiec ? in confutin doctrine of 
morrhage being ftopped by a coagulum, and i in eftablithing 
the magnate of the R afteries, as the means which nature 
B 
‘ 
iloppage of guste ges arteries, fays 
Mr. White, ) I never choughé. Petit’s a theory of a coagulum 
at all probable ; $a coagulum of blood, formed at the end of 
an artery, is as far from being of any fervice, except in fome 
few cafes, where the air cannot get admiffion, that it is ab- 
folutely prejudicial, as I have often obferved, an al- 
ways be remo a before the application of ranges or any 
fungous fubftan 
_ Pouteau’s hypothesis, that the {welling of the fur- 
mousing cellular fubfance clofed the artery, feemed more 
e; but I am now convinced from feveral. bier. 
tions, that according to the fuppofition of ink Gooch, 
fince confirmed by my ingenious friend Mr. the 
te: heir —— “a Pes coalefee, as far as their 
Bre ramification. 28 hite’s Cafes in S: urgery. 
We thall net | wat a this article with deechng the ex- 
periments undertaken by Kirkland. were ea: = the 
right kind, and have jattly, — the —— 
from Dr, Jones. “Mr. Kirkland withed to 
of the circulation from the extremity of the sii and al- 
lowing it to undergo thofe changes proper to the new con- 
dition into which it is brou ught. ne circumftance only 
eing omitted, the means can no longer be natural; efpes 
cially when it is that one mof important ager tea of all, 
the fource of our anxiety and alarm, n Ys the impetuous 
flowing of the blood throu igh the wound of the arte It 
is the hemorrhage itfelf which refifts the contraction < the 
arter) toa degree that x diate in almoft 
or a 
tr. Jones 
has moft ably deferibed. Mr. White’s conclla(iad being 
rawn from the condition of a tt:d artery, are alfo very properly 
objected to by this gentleman as ee unfit to explain the 
sondition of a divided arte = left to na 
Mr. John Bell has advanced a sae that the bleeding 
from divided arteries is fuppreffed by the cellular fubftance 
around them becoming injected ~with bleod. However the 
account which this author gives of the fubjedt is extremely 
vague and inconiiftent, and | has met with the animadverfions 
of that accurate obferve ones. 
All the foregoing theories, relative to the natural means by 
which bleeding is ft om 
prehenfive. here is, as Dr. Jones remarks, an unjallbable 
repeniity in each of the preceding writers, to affign the 
whole efie& to one circumftance alone, regardlefs alike of the 
obfervations of others, and “ the general analogy o. 
operations of the animal economy. 
regular feries of ¢ prartes which Dr. Jcnes under- 
took, exhibit the procefs.as a lefs fimple, but more fatis- 
faftory one. They fhew that the Jblood, the a@tion, and 
-even the ture of arteries, thei eath, and the cellular 
fubftance connecting them with it ; in fhort, that all the parts 
“concerned in, or affected by _ hemorrhage, pape to ar- 
-reit its fatal progrefs, by 5 in t 
divided 
artery, as follows. etuous flow of Seti: a fud- . 
den and forcible retraQion ‘Of the artery within its fheath, 
and a flight = of its extremity, are the immediate 
and almott fimultaneo effects of its divifion. The natural 
>b ood is ad on, in 
hing a . 
sf A certain: degree o of 
which refults from the effufion 0 aid 
ing cellular membrane, and between the artety and its an 
but 
vafcular fyfem 
complifhment © of _ 
