HER 
eught to be referred to the time of the emperor Charles IV., 
and not to that of Charlemagne, when Aineas Sylvius imagin- 
ed it to have been written. Mutius has furnifhed us witha 
eonftitution of Frederick /Enobarbus, who came into the 
Accordingly ‘the eftablifhment of heralds has been referred 
a learned and noble author to an event that occurred 
about this period, ‘conjecturing that they owed their origin 
to the crufades, or expeditions into the Holy Land; and 
this opinion has been adopted by many modern writers. 
The duties afligned them, and the purpofes for which they 
were firft intended, could they be fatisfactorily afcertained, 
would affift in the inveftigation of their origin. The em- 
perors, it is faid, were accultomed to take under their pro- 
tection, fuch of their moit experienced and valiant foldiers 
ef gentilitial birth, who had been grievoufly wounded or 
maimed in their wars; and thefe foldiers were diftinguifhed 
by the name of ‘ Veterans.”? To their judgment and 
counfel the emperors paid great deference, and their attend- 
ance on the perfons of their matters became neceflary. 
was the fame with thofe 
No one who had not a certi- 
was 
latter end of the 11th century, thefe veterans would be 
lected as proper perfons for ying on a correfpondence 
quainted with the enfigns borne throughout the hofl ; and 
ef courfe they would be ftyled “ heralds,’ cithsr as the 
fame was the language of the prince who commanded, or o 
him who primarily either propofed fuch an expedient, or 
firit thus equipped an officer, or upon 
be difcovered. 
not now to be 
Wc 
ome other account t 
ALD. 
It is not eafy to determine when the office of heralds, 
under that or any other appellation, was firft introduced 
into England. he oldeft public muniments, in which an 
mention is made of Englifh heralds, are a pell-roll of the 
twelfth of king Edward III., and a wardrobe account of 
the fame year; and yet it is certain that they were eltz- 
monarchs. When the Normans invaded England, offices of 
this defcription were unknown. Robert, the conqueror’s 
eldeit fon, who undertook an expedition into the Holy Land, 
it may be reafonably fuppofed, became acquainted with the 
inftitution of heralds ; but after his return he does not feem 
to have eflablifhed fuch officers in his dukedom of Normandy. 
ichard, furnamed Ceeur de Lion, who was the firft of our 
monarchs that perfonally engaged in the crufades, muft have 
been acquainted with the adfice and utility of heralds; but 
they had been eftablifhed in Ge 
empire befare he afcended the Englith throne ; 
courfe afterwards with France, Germany, & 
occafioned the heralds of other princes to have been fre- 
quently fent to him. Hence, and from other collateral eir- 
camitances, we may conclude, that heralds were tranfplanted 
either from Germany or France, and that they gained an 
eltablifhment in England fome time in that monarch’s reig’ 
and that they grew up from this period to that itate 1” 
which we find them at the beginning of the reign of king _ 
idw It is not improbable that Englith heralds, like 
thofe of Germany, were originally chofen out of the ve- 
teran foldiers ; becaufe their fun@ions were the fame, and 
9° . ‘4 
primary. duty of Englifh heralds,’ fays Edmondfon, “at 
the times of figning leagues, truces, and treaties cf peace 
alliance, they attended the legation, and fometimes were J 
in it; honours, which they occafionally enjoyed until the 
reign of Henry VII.” By this admiflion of the heralds to 
a fhare in public negociations, they acquired importance 
they had eafy accefs to the fovereign ; they be 
able and confidential ; and the 
nd re 
co 
