NOR 
eminent architect, built the conventual churches of a Crofe 
nd Rumfey, in Hampfhire ; but ee oger, 
were conftruéted in this era; but o 
have efcaped the general demalition at a ae 
From A. D. 1155 henceforth the ftyle of ecclefiatic edi- 
fices begun to affume other features ; and at this period the 
congue became blended with the conquered, and, there 
Lape: era properly ceafes. this period 
alfo. we m te the commencement of the pointed arch  ityle, 
or Ly is eas called Gathic. 
refpect to the military ftruCtures of the Normans, 
the ee they could not live in fecurity ees t Dailding 
itrong places of defence, they therefore erecte e upon 
dhhip, or affimilated with their jee A they 
ane of eart 
m the naira neceflary in form ming the ditch, fo 
or pana A fanare or circular tower, confitting of ‘feveral 
itovies, rofe from the upper ballium, or a low circular flor 
of coneie bi diameter, dete was ufually approached by 
very mas = {tairs on the outfide 
way or tower - cae nee and the barbican or 
watch oa, had both of them a communication wit 
keep. Remarkable intance in the 7 re poe are flicks 
of the towers o ndon, Norwic er, Dove 
cattle, Hedingham (Effex x), Bamborough (Northumberland 
Porchefter, Colchefter, Kenilworth, Knarefb 
the aneular are a 
took place in architecture. 
Bifhop Gundulph feems to ih confidered the lofty arti- 
ficial mound, originally of ufage, as unneceflary. 
His central towers are fo nage as ve contain four Sie as 
afe- 
entrance 
b 
ee eps a ‘te ratagem, as ed real ‘ecapt The walls were 
not unfrequently from 12 to 20 feet thick at the bafe 
the fouterrain ae the vaulted ftone the military engines and 
ftores were depofited. In the thicknefs of the walls were 
placed winding ftaircafes, the well for water, the vaft oven, 
enclofed galleries and chimnies, with an aperture open to the 
air they could receive. There was alfo a ki 
conveying found to every part, not more than eight inches in 
diameter. The ftate apartment occupied the whole third 
ftory, and the ftaircafes leading to ) Ht were ~~ more 
commodious than the others, and ev 8 mit of 
military engines. Adjoining to dee great i eres was the 
oriel, lighted by a large window embowed withinfide. In 
Rochefter caftle the chief room was thirty-two feet high, in- 
eluding the whole fpace within the walls. ‘The walls of the 
NOR 
well The chanics were = Peeler geen te con- 
iderably into the rooms, and refted upon {mall pillars ; and 
the finks were fo contrived, in an algae direGtion, that no 
ae ee could be acute upt them. 
A et fal 1 
Pp 
ments . the eh e ftyle into ay sine both withinfide 
and without. Moft of the Norman caftles had a richly 
carved dee or portal, as the remains of Arundel and 
Berkeley amply teftify. ‘The windows were decorated with 
moulding, frequently "feulptured Cattle Rifing, een 
and Norwich aboun admirable {pecimens of Norma 
ase and mouldings. 
reat tower of entrance was built at the foot of the 
artificial mount, fi wh 
ftairs leading to the 
draw-bridge affixed to the arch-way, and feveral fpacious 
chambers. In poi h of formation of the moun 
keep, and their conneGtion with the entrance-tower, e 
ft open to a the light and air. 
Arundel, the Ce sie ih h fuppeeted the beams of 
a are ftill to 
well-anthentiected reer of aes conftruc- 
tion, nee rom before 
; es 
Caftle Acre, Norfolk ; Dunfta ble, Bed. 
rofs, Hants; Romfey, Hants; Furnefs, 
Lancafhire, the moft ancient parts; Llandisfarne, Northum- 
berland; Byland, Yorkfhire; Sanerco umberland 3 
Sherbourn, Dorfet; Southwell, Nottinghamfhire ; Kirk- 
ftall, hong ra thofe now — Tewkefbury, 
Malmfbusy, n Minfter, St. Cro " Romfey, and 
Sherbourn, are now aaa as parochial churches. 
r -D. 1155, the flyle of architecture practifed by 
the Normans began to be mixed with new fo d 
corations, and at length to be fuperfeded by that much 
more elegant and lofty ftyle of building, improperly deno- 
minated Gothic. 
e principal Nears ia may be confulted in Norman 
architecture, are the ologia, Carter’s Ancient Archi- 
teGture of England, Britton s Archite&ural ee eal of 
— Aiea and Dalaway’s Englifh Architectur 
» Cape, in Ggrapy, a cape on the on 
of Newfoundladl, on the gulf of St, Lawrence, and the 
ANDY 
fore the revolution, bounded N. by the  nglih Channel, 
E. by Picardy and the Iffe of France, S. by Beance, 
Perche, and Maine, and W. by Bretagne; about 150 miles 
from E. to W., and 75 from N. to S.; divided into Upper 
and Lower, aad containing many confiderable cities and 
towns 
